ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
In sickle cell anemia. The sedimentation rate is characteristically:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sickle cell anemia's sedimentation rate is diminished (C) sickled RBCs (HbS) resist stacking (rouleaux), slowing ESR (e.g., <10 mm/hr) despite inflammation. Unchanged (A) or accelerated (B) fits normal RBCs. Variable (D) lacks specificity. None' dismisses. Low ESR, despite crises, is key in nursing for distinguishing from other anemias.
Question 2 of 5
The treatment of choice for hereditary spherocytosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is best treated with splenectomy (B) removing the spleen (e.g., post-10 years) stops hemolysis (e.g., Hb >10 g/dL), curing anemia. Transfusion (A) is temporary. Thymectomy (C) or irradiation (D) are irrelevant. None' denies. Splenectomy's efficacy is key, guiding nursing for vaccines and infection risk education.
Question 3 of 5
The crisis of sickle cell anemia may be confused with:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sickle cell crisis mimics acute appendicitis (B) vaso-occlusive pain (e.g., RLQ) overlaps with peritoneal irritation, confusing diagnosis. Rheumatic fever (A) causes arthritis, carditis. Leukemia (C) brings fatigue, bleeding. Appendicitis's acute abdomen is key, guiding nursing for imaging (e.g., US) and pain differentiation.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following statements are false:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carcinoma of the stomach bleeding isn't usually massive (C false) it's chronic, occult (e.g., <100 mL/day), unlike varices. Red hematemesis (A) fits massive or achlorhydria true. Tarry melena (B) from distal gut true. Rare urinary bleeding (D) except TB true. C's overstatement is key, guiding nursing for endoscopy vs. acute bleed protocols.
Question 5 of 5
All the following laboratory values are consistent with pulmonary fibrosis EXCEPT?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pulmonary fibrosis is a restrictive lung disease characterized by the deposition of excessive collagen in the lung interstitium, leading to stiff, non-compliant lungs. This stiffness results in decreased lung compliance, making it difficult for the lungs to expand during inspiration. Additionally, the fibrotic tissue compresses pulmonary blood vessels, increasing pulmonary vascular resistance. The forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) are both reduced due to the restricted lung expansion, but the FEV1/FVC ratio remains normal or above normal because the reduction is proportional, distinguishing it from obstructive diseases where the ratio decreases. Residual volume (RV), however, is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration. In pulmonary fibrosis, RV is typically decreased because the stiff lungs cannot hold as much air at the end of expiration, unlike in obstructive diseases like COPD where air trapping increases RV. Therefore, increased residual volume is not consistent with pulmonary fibrosis and stands out as the exception among the listed values, which align with the pathophysiology of this condition.