In sickle cell anemia crisis the prognosis is:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sickle cell anemia crises yield recovery with recurrence (B) vaso-occlusion (e.g., pain, HbS polymerization) resolves with hydration, oxygen, but HbS persists, risking repeat (e.g., 50% recur yearly). Complete recovery (A) ignores chronicity. Splenectomy (C) is HS, not sickle. Infection (D) or aplastic crisis kills, but most recover from vaso-occlusive events. Recurrence is key, guiding nursing for analgesia and trigger avoidance.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hemosiderin (D) iron-storing pigment accumulates in tissues (e.g., liver, spleen) from RBC breakdown, staining blue on Prussian blue. Urobilinogen (A), bilirubin (B), hematoidin (C) heme metabolites lack iron, excreted or reabsorbed. All' overstates. Hemosiderin's iron link is key, guiding nursing for overload monitoring (e.g., hemochromatosis).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Anemia of hepatic disease blood loss, folate deficiency, alcohol (D) cause it (e.g., varices, poor diet, toxicity), yielding normocytic/macrocytic anemia. Iron block (A) is chronic. EPO (B) is renal. Normocytic (C) is effect. Multifactorial etiology is key, guiding nursing for liver function and folate.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A stab wound in the chest wall causing pneumothorax disrupts the negative intrapleural pressure (normally around -4 to -6 mmHg) that keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. When air enters the pleural space, this pressure equalizes with atmospheric pressure, eliminating the force holding the lung open. The lung, due to its elastic recoil, collapses inward toward the hilum, reducing its volume significantly. Conversely, the chest wall, with its outward elastic recoil, springs outward, expanding away from the lung. This results in the lung collapsing and the chest wall expanding, a classic feature of pneumothorax. The lung doesn't expand, as it loses the negative pressure tether, and the chest wall doesn't collapse, as its natural tendency is to spring outward when unrestrained. Other scenarios, like both expanding or fixing at FRC, don't reflect the mechanics of pleural pressure loss, making the collapse-expansion dynamic the expected outcome of such an injury.