ATI LPN
Respiratory System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
In rheumatoid arthritis patients, the lung can be affected by the following conditions except
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Squamous metaplasia of the bronchi (D) is not a typical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) lung feature. Choice A (chronic pleuritis) is common. Choice B (interstitial pneumonitis/fibrosis) affects 40% of RA patients. Choice C (rheumatoid nodules) occurs in lung parenchyma. Choice E (pulmonary hypertension) is secondary. Page 731 lists RA's lung effects pleural, interstitial, and nodular but bronchial metaplasia, tied to smoking or bronchitis, isn't RA-specific, making D the exception.
Question 2 of 5
In bacterial pneumonia (old paper)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patchy consolidation dominates bronchopneumonia (A), reflecting multifocal spread. Choice B is false; lobar patterns depend on pathogen spread, not anatomy alone. Choice C is incorrect; Klebsiella is occasional, not common (S pneumoniae leads). Choice D is wrong; macrophages, not lymphocytes, clear alveoli. Choice E (nasopharynx defense) is true. Page 749 defines A's morphology bronchial-centric patches contrast with lobar consolidation, distinguishing it over B's variation or D's clearance error.
Question 3 of 5
Squamous cell lung carcinoma (old paper)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) is closely correlated with smoking (B), with 95% in smokers. Choice A is false; 5-year survival is 15%. Choice C is incorrect; it's hilar (1st/2nd order bronchi), not peripheral. Choice D is wrong; it's commoner in males. Choice E (late metastasis) is true. Page 759 details B's link smoking-induced metaplasia drives SCC, distinguishing it over A's survival or C's location error.
Question 4 of 5
What disease is caused by Coxiella burnetii?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Coxiella burnetii causes Q fever, a zoonotic disease often contracted from livestock via inhalation of aerosols. It presents with fever, pneumonia, or hepatitis, differing from tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), a chronic lung infection with granulomas; diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae), marked by throat pseudomembranes; and walking pneumonia (typically Mycoplasma pneumoniae), a milder lung infection. C. burnetii's intracellular nature and resilience in the environment distinguish Q fever, which lacks the exotoxin-driven pathology of diphtheria or tuberculosis's slow progression. Accurate identification guides treatment antibiotics like doxycycline for Q fever versus antitoxins or long-term regimens for others emphasizing the need to recognize causative agents in respiratory illness management.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is caused by infections by bread molds?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mucormycosis, caused by Mucorales (e.g., Rhizopus), bread molds, is a rare, aggressive fungal infection, often in diabetics or immunocompromised, invading blood vessels and lungs from inhaled spores. Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides) is dimorphic, not mold-only, tied to soil. Cryptococcosis (Cryptococcus neoformans) involves yeast from bird droppings, not bread molds. Pneumocystis pneumonia (Pneumocystis jirovecii) is a distinct fungus, not mold-related, affecting AIDS patients. Mucormycosis's rapid tissue destruction contrasts with others' slower progression, requiring urgent antifungals and surgery, distinguishing its mold etiology in respiratory and systemic fungal threats.