In primary atypical (presumably viral) pneumonia the most common of the following blood findings is:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cold agglutination (C) is the most common blood finding in primary atypical pneumonia, often viral (e.g., Mycoplasma pneumoniae). This autoimmune reaction antibodies clump RBCs at low temperatures reflects infection-induced immune activation, detectable in 50-70% of cases. Leucocytosis (A) suits bacterial pneumonia, not viral, where counts are normal or low. Sheep RBC agglutination (B) isn't standard; cold agglutinins are specific. Secondary anemia (D) may occur late, not primarily. Latex fixation tests rheumatoid factor, unrelated here. Cold agglutinins, peaking in week 2-3, aid diagnosis when sputum or x-rays are inconclusive, distinguishing atypical from bacterial pneumonia in clinical hematology.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Bronchoscopy (A) diagnoses lung cancer visualizes tumors, biopsies masses (e.g., 90% yield central lesions), and samples cytology. Scalene biopsy (B) assesses spread, not primary. Cytology smear (C) aids but needs source (e.g., sputum). Angiography (D) maps vessels, not cancer. Ultrasound is adjunctive, not diagnostic here. Bronchoscopy's direct access is gold standard, key in nursing for procedure prep and post-care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Assuming respiratory distress (common in chest MCQs), severe respiratory acidosis (C) fits hypoventilation (e.g., COPD) raises PaCOâ‚‚ (e.g., >50 mmHg), dropping pH (e.g., <7.30), causing dyspnea, confusion. Septicemia (A) adds fever, hypotension. Alkalosis (B) from hyperventilation lowers COâ‚‚. Metabolic acidosis (e.g., DKA) involves Kussmaul breathing, not primary lung. Respiratory acidosis aligns with chest pathology, key in ABG interpretation for ventilatory support in nursing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Asparaginase, an enzyme, causes protein synthesis defects, hepatitis, pancreatitis (B) depletes asparagine, stressing liver, pancreas (e.g., amylase >200 U/L). Myelosuppression (A) is methotrexate. Neuropathy (C) is vincristine. Cystitis (D) is cytoxan. Psychosis is prednisone. Asparaginase's metabolic impact is key in nursing for monitoring coagulation and pancreatic function.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sickle cell trait all true : ~10% prevalence in Blacks (A HbAS), hematuria (B renal papillary necrosis), rare crises in hypoxia (C e.g., high altitude), hyposthenuria (D impaired concentrating ability). Trait's mildness contrasts anemia, key in nursing for hydration advice and crisis risk education.