ATI LPN
Multiple Choice Questions Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
In presence of ADH, the reabsorption of water in collecting duct:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: With ADH, water reabsorption in the collecting duct is passive, driven by the osmotic gradient (up to 1200 mOsm/kg Hâ‚‚O) in the medulla. ADH increases aquaporin-2 in both cortical and medullary segments, allowing water to move down its gradient, not actively pumped. It's not limited to cortical (D) or active (A, B), making C correct.
Question 2 of 5
The first step in applying the quality improvement process to an activity in a clinical setting is to:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Quality improvement begins with identifying a problem (C) (e.g., high infection rates), providing a focus for subsequent steps like team assembly (A), data collection (B), and standard-setting (D). Without a defined issue, other actions lack direction, making C the essential first step.
Question 3 of 5
Concerning renal ontogeny:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Renal ontogeny involves three stages: the pronephros (A), a rudimentary embryonic kidney in all vertebrates; the mesonephros (B), a functional interim kidney in mammals; and the metanephros, the permanent kidney with a developed loop of Henle (C), unlike the mesonephros. All statements are true—pronephros is transitory, mesonephros functions then regresses, and the loop of Henle distinguishes the metanephros—making E (all are correct), reassigned as D, the answer.
Question 4 of 5
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) reduces sodium reabsorption (B) in the collecting duct, promoting natriuresis to lower volume. It doesn't increase water (A), form AII (C), or increase sodium (D), making B the correct effect.
Question 5 of 5
Match the description 'Active transport of sodium; impermeable to water' to the structure: A) proximal convoluted tubule, B) descending limb of the nephron loop, C) collecting duct, D) ascending limb of the nephron loop.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ascending limb (D) actively transports sodium via Na/K/2Cl pumps and is impermeable to water, diluting filtrate. The proximal tubule (A) reabsorbs water, descending limb (B) is water-permeable, and collecting duct (C) varies with ADH, making D the match.