ATI LPN
Renal System Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
In presence of ADH, the Osmolality of medullary tissue is up to 1200 mOsm/kg H2O by:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: With ADH, the medullary interstitium reaches ~1200 mOsm/kg Hâ‚‚O due to the countercurrent multiplier (NaCl from the ascending limb) and urea recycling (from the collecting duct). Both contribute to the hyperosmotic gradient driving water reabsorption. NaCl alone (A) or urea alone (B) underestimates this, and 1200 mOsm is achievable (D is false), making C correct.
Question 2 of 5
After completing a thorough neurological and physical assessment of a patient who is admitted for a suspected stroke, the medical-surgical nurse anticipates the next step in the immediate care of this patient will include:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For a suspected stroke, a CT scan without contrast (B) is the immediate next step to differentiate ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke, guiding treatment (e.g., tPA within 4.5 hours for ischemic). tPA (A) requires CT confirmation, neurosurgery (C) or Doppler (D) follows diagnosis, making B the critical diagnostic priority.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse notes an adult patient had a urinary output of 350 mL in one day. What term would the nurse use to describe this urinary volume?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oliguria is defined as urine output less than 400 mL/day in adults (C), indicating reduced kidney function (e.g., dehydration, AKI). Normal output is 800-2000 mL/day (B), anuria is <100 mL/day (A), and polyuria is >2500 mL/day (D), making 350 mL oliguria.
Question 4 of 5
Renin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Renin catalyzes angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, leading to angiotensin II (C), which increases sodium reabsorption and vasoconstriction. It doesn't directly affect water (A), decrease sodium (B), or directly increase sodium (D), making C the primary effect.
Question 5 of 5
Match the description 'Active transport of sodium; water follows passively' to the structure: A) proximal convoluted tubule, B) descending limb of the nephron loop, C) collecting duct, D) ascending limb of the nephron loop.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the proximal convoluted tubule (A), sodium is actively transported out, and water follows passively via osmosis due to osmotic gradients. The descending limb (B) is water-permeable, ascending limb (D) actively transports sodium without water, and collecting duct (C) adjusts water with ADH, making A the match.