ATI LPN
Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, the immune system is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Overactive. In systemic lupus erythematosus, the immune system is hyperactive, leading to the production of autoantibodies that attack healthy tissues. This results in inflammation and tissue damage throughout the body. The other choices are incorrect because A (Underactive) does not align with the autoimmune nature of lupus, C (Inactive) is not true as there is ongoing immune system activity in lupus, and D (None of the above) is not accurate as the immune system in lupus is indeed overactive.
Question 2 of 5
Which nursing diagnosis is highest-priority for a 3-year-old child undergoing chemotherapy and experiencing nausea and vomiting?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Deficient Fluid Volume. For a child undergoing chemotherapy with nausea and vomiting, dehydration from fluid loss is a critical concern. Maintaining fluid balance is essential for the child's health and well-being. Options B, C, and D are not as high-priority because addressing fluid volume deficiency takes precedence over addressing nutrition, comfort, or body image issues in this situation.
Question 3 of 5
A child who has beta-thalassemia is receiving numerous blood transfusions. The child is also receiving deferoxamine (Desferal) therapy. The parents ask how the deferoxamine will help their child. Which rationale does the nurse use when responding to the parents?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: It prevents iron overload. Deferoxamine is a chelating agent that helps remove excess iron from the body, which is a common complication of frequent blood transfusions in patients with beta-thalassemia. Iron overload can lead to organ damage and other serious complications. Therefore, by using deferoxamine, the child can prevent the harmful effects of iron accumulation. A: Incorrect. Deferoxamine does not prevent blood transfusion reactions. It specifically targets iron overload. B: Incorrect. Deferoxamine does not stimulate red blood cell production. It is used to remove excess iron. C: Incorrect. Deferoxamine does not provide vitamin supplementation. Its main function is iron chelation.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse caring for a client with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is reviewing the client’s diagnostic tests. Which test result is common in DIC?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased fibrinogen level. In DIC, there is widespread activation of clotting factors leading to consumption of fibrinogen, causing a decrease in its levels. This results in an increased risk of bleeding. A: Decreased prothrombin time is not common in DIC because the increased clotting factor consumption leads to a prolonged prothrombin time. B: Increased platelet count is not common in DIC, as platelets are also consumed in the excessive clotting process. D: Decreased partial thromboplastin time is not common in DIC as it may be prolonged due to consumption of clotting factors.
Question 5 of 5
A 24-hour urine collection for vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) has been ordered on a child suspected of having neuroblastoma. When is the most appropriate time for the nurse to begin the collection?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: After the next time the child voids. This is because the first void is discarded to ensure that the urine collection is accurate. By starting the collection after the next void, we can capture a full 24-hour sample. Choice A is incorrect because starting at 0700 does not account for the child's first void. Choice C is incorrect because starting at bedtime also does not allow for the exclusion of the first void. Choice D is incorrect as starting when the order is noted does not ensure the accuracy of the collection.