In inspecting the abdomen, which of the following is NOT DONE?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: External knee/leg rotation isn't done e.g., dorsal recumbent with slight knee flexion relaxes abdomen. Voiding (empty bladder), straightened legs (relaxation), and dorsal position aid inspection. Nurses avoid rotation e.g., for clear view per abdominal exam norms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A closed system, per systems theory, is isolated e.g., a candle dies under glass from no oxygen. Unlike open systems (Roy's humans), it blocks matter, energy, or information, a 'sole island.' Nurses contrast this with patients' open-system needs, like environmental adjustments, per theoretical models.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Gordon's Functional Health Patterns (1980s) assess stressors' impact on mind, body, and environment re: ADLs e.g., mobility post-stroke. Head-to-toe (physical), body systems (organs), and cephalocaudal (top-down) differ. Nurses use this e.g., holistic plans for function-focused care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pulsus paradoxus is an exaggerated systolic drop (>10 mmHg) on inspiration e.g., pericardial effusion due to heart compression. Increase (opposite), positional pulse (unrelated) differ. Nurses detect this e.g., sphygmomanometer for emergencies, per pathophysiology.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Abdominal assessment follows inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation e.g., look, listen (bowel), tap, feel to avoid sound alteration. Other sequences disrupt. Nurses adhere e.g., pre-surgery for accuracy, per standards.