In growing children, growth hormone deficiency results in short stature and very slow growth rates. Short stature may result from which of the following?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Short stature in growing children can result from anterior pituitary gland hypofunction, which leads to growth hormone deficiency. The anterior pituitary gland plays a crucial role in stimulating the release of growth hormone, and when it is underactive (hypofunction), insufficient growth hormone is produced, resulting in short stature and slow growth rates.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Systematically rotating injection sites is crucial to prevent tissue damage and ensure optimal insulin absorption. This practice helps in preventing lipohypertrophy, a condition characterized by fat accumulation at injection sites, which can affect insulin absorption and lead to inconsistent blood glucose control. By rotating injection sites, the risk of skin and tissue damage is minimized, and insulin's effectiveness is maintained over time.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, medication administration to children requires careful instructions to ensure safety and effectiveness. In this scenario, option A indicates a need for further instructions because mixing medication in baby food can alter its efficacy or even cause a choking hazard if not administered properly. Option B is correct as oral medications are often best absorbed in an upright position with the head elevated to prevent aspiration. Option C, giving a toy after medication, is a positive reinforcement technique to associate medication administration with a positive experience. Option D, offering juice after swallowing medication, can help mask the taste and make it more palatable for the child. Educationally, it is crucial to emphasize the importance of proper medication administration techniques to parents, ensuring they understand the risks associated with incorrect administration. Providing clear, concise instructions tailored to the child's needs and characteristics can help prevent medication errors and promote optimal health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Do not give snacks to the child before meals. This advice is appropriate because offering snacks before meals can decrease a child's appetite during mealtime, leading to decreased intake of essential nutrients. By avoiding snacks before meals, the child is more likely to be hungry and eat a more substantial portion of their meal, ensuring they receive the necessary nutrition for growth and development. Option A is incorrect because forcing a child to sit at the table until they finish their meal can create negative associations with mealtime, leading to mealtime battles and potential feeding issues. It is essential to create a positive and relaxed environment during meals to encourage healthy eating habits. Option B is not the best choice as providing a quiet environment before meals may be beneficial for some children, but it may not directly address the issue of the child not finishing meals. While a calm environment can help reduce distractions and promote focus during meals, it may not solve the underlying problem. Option D is also incorrect because feeding a 2-year-old child while they are seated on a chair goes against the principles of promoting independence and self-feeding skills, which are crucial for a child's development at this age. Encouraging self-feeding helps children develop fine motor skills and autonomy over their food choices. In pediatric nursing, it is essential to educate parents about appropriate feeding practices to support their child's nutritional needs and development. By understanding the impact of offering snacks before meals and promoting positive mealtime experiences, parents can help establish healthy eating habits for their children.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) results from the excessive accumulation of ketone bodies from fat metabolism. During DKA, there is a lack of insulin leading to the breakdown of fat stores into fatty acids and their subsequent conversion into ketone bodies. These ketone bodies accumulate in the blood, leading to metabolic acidosis and the characteristic symptoms of DKA.