ATI LPN
Cardiovascular Questions and Answers PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
In consideration of major dental surgery, which underlying cardiac condition does not warrant endocarditis prophylaxis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mitral valve prolapse does not typically require endocarditis prophylaxis unless associated with certain complications.
Question 2 of 5
A 22-y male with cystic fibrosis with F508 del mutation presents for evaluation of worsening shortness of breath, wheezing, and cough productive of dark sputum. He was treated a month ago for similar symptoms with a course of antibiotics and tapering prednisone. Medications include lumacaftor/ivacaftor, inhaled tobramycin and albuterol, along with his usual oral medications. Vital signs are normal. Physical exam is notable for diffuse wheezing bilaterally. WBC count is normal with 15% eosinophils. CXR shows scattered infiltrates. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In cystic fibrosis, wheezing, eosinophilia (15%), and infiltrates suggest allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), a common complication. Elevated eosinophils and response to prior steroids support this over bacterial infections like Burkholderia or MAC.
Question 3 of 5
A laboratory test that should be routinely monitored in patients receiving digitalis therapy is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Digitalis slows the heart rate through parasympathetic system activation and promotes sodium and water excretion through improved cardiac output to the kidney. Depletion of serum potassium (hypokalemia) may potentiate digitalis toxicity. Sodium and water excretion is activated through the parasympathetic system due to improved cardiac output to the kidneys. Albumin level is not affected by digitalis. Digitalis allows more calcium to remain in the cell through a slowing of the sodium-dependent calcium pump.
Question 4 of 5
Patients with left-sided diastolic dysfunction heart failure usually have a normal ejection fraction. Is this statement true or false?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Left-sided diastolic dysfunction involves impaired ventricular filling with a preserved ejection fraction (typically normal, >50%), making 'True' (A) correct. The generated choices C and D are incorrect based on medical knowledge.
Question 5 of 5
A patient diagnosed with hypertension has been prescribed captopril. Which information is most important to teach the patient about this drug?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitors frequently cause orthostatic hypotension, and patients should be taught to change position slowly to allow the vascular system time to compensate for the position change. Increasing fluid intake may counteract the effect of the medication, and the patient is taught to use gum or hard candy to relieve dry mouth. The BP should be taken in the nondominant arm by newly diagnosed patients in the morning, before taking the medication, and in the evening. Because ACE inhibitors cause potassium retention, increased intake of high-potassium foods is inappropriate.