In chronic lymphocytic leukemia the lymph nodes are characterized by all of the following, except:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) lymph nodes show early enlargement (A), discrete (C), diffuse involvement (D), and mobility , but not tender/painful (B) painless growth (e.g., >1 cm) reflects slow B-cell accumulation. Tenderness fits infection or Hodgkin's. CLL's indolent lymphadenopathy is key, guiding nursing for staging and infection watch.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Anemia of infection/rheumatoid arthritis chronic disease shows low plasma iron, low TIBC, high stores, low sideroblasts (A), from inflammation (e.g., IL-6) sequestering iron. Erythropoietin (B) fits renal. Normocytic (C) is pattern, not cause. Blood loss (D) is other anemias. Iron block is key, guiding nursing for inflammation control.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) all true : uveitis (A eye inflammation), erythema multiforme (B rash, less common), pericarditis/valvular (C cardiac), lymphadenopathy/hepatosplenomegaly (D systemic JIA). Multisystem involvement is key, guiding nursing for eye exams, steroids, and systemic monitoring.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Asthma is an obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible bronchoconstriction, inflammation, and mucus production. During an asthmatic attack, narrowed airways increase resistance, particularly during expiration, when dynamic compression exacerbates airflow limitation, producing wheezing most prominent on expiration, not inspiration. The work of breathing increases significantly as patients struggle against this resistance and reduced airflow, requiring greater effort from respiratory muscles like the diaphragm and intercostals to maintain ventilation. Bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol) are the mainstay of treatment, relaxing bronchial smooth muscle to relieve constriction, so they are not contraindicated. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) decreases during an attack due to obstruction, not increases, as airflow is impeded. The increased work of breathing is a consistent expectation, reflecting the physiological burden of overcoming narrowed airways and trapped air, distinguishing it from the incorrect options that misalign with asthma's acute presentation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of gas diffusion across a membrane (e.g., alveolar-capillary) is proportional to the surface area (A), diffusion coefficient (D), and partial pressure gradient (ΔP), and inversely proportional to diffusion distance (d): Rate = (A × D × ΔP) / d. When comparing different gases (e.g., O2 vs. CO2), the diffusion coefficient (D) varies most significantly, as it depends on gas solubility and molecular weight (D ∝ solubility / √MW). CO2's solubility is ~20 times higher than O2's (0.51 vs. 0.024 ml/mmHg/L), though O2's molecular weight is slightly lower (32 vs. 44), making CO2 diffuse ~20 times faster despite similar gradients. Partial pressure gradient drives diffusion but is gas-specific and often comparable (e.g., O2: 100-40 mmHg, CO2: 46-40 mmHg). Temperature and distance affect all gases similarly in the lung. Thus, the diffusion coefficient has the most pronounced effect across different gases, explaining why CO2 equilibrates faster than O2 across the respiratory membrane.