In calculating the crude death rate of your municipality, with a total population of about 18,000 last year, there were 94 deaths. Among the deceased, 20 died due to heart diseases, and 32 were aged 50 years or older. What is the crude death rate?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: To calculate the crude death rate, divide the total number of deaths by the total population and then multiply by 1000. In this case, 94 deaths out of 18,000 population is (94/18000)*1000 = 5.2/1000. This is the correct answer (B). Choice A (4.1/1000) is incorrect as it underestimates the death rate. Choice C (6.3/1000) and D (7.3/1000) are both overestimations of the death rate based on the given data.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Letter of Instruction No. 949. This document issued by the Philippine government in 1979 officially adopted the Primary Health Care (PHC) approach. It outlined the strategies and framework for implementing PHC nationwide. The Alma Ata Declaration on PHC (A) is a global agreement but not the legal basis in the Philippines. Presidential Decree No. 147 (C) and Presidential Decree No. 996 (D) do not specifically address the PHC approach. Therefore, the legal basis for PHC in the Philippines is Letter of Instruction No. 949.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, under 5-year-old children. They are particularly vulnerable to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) due to their high nutritional needs for growth and development. Infants and young children have limited food intake capacity and are dependent on caregivers for proper nutrition. This age group is at a critical stage of growth, making them more susceptible to the negative impact of malnutrition on physical and cognitive development. Pregnant women and the elderly (choice A) have specific nutritional needs but are not as vulnerable to PEM as young children. Choices C and D are incorrect as 1-4-year-old children and school-age children have a lower risk of PEM compared to under 5-year-old children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Smallpox. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared the Philippines and other countries in the Western Pacific Region 'free' of smallpox due to successful global vaccination campaigns. Smallpox is caused by the variola virus and is characterized by a distinctive rash. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Pneumonic plague is a severe form of the bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. B: Poliomyelitis is a viral infection that can lead to paralysis, but it was not eradicated in 1980. D: Anthrax is a bacterial infection that primarily affects animals but can also infect humans.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all of the choices can be used to describe the sex composition of the population. A, the sex ratio, compares the number of males to females. B, sex proportion, also refers to the distribution of males and females in a population. C, population pyramid, visually displays the age and sex distribution of a population. Therefore, any of these tools can be utilized to describe the sex composition accurately.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Yin represents yielding, negative, and feminine energy in traditional Chinese medicine. 2. It is associated with qualities like darkness, coldness, and rest. 3. Yin balances the opposing force of Yang in the body. 4. In TCM, maintaining a balance between Yin and Yang is crucial for overall health. 5. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Yin. Summary: - Choice B (Yang) is incorrect as it represents the opposite force to Yin. - Choice C (Qi) is incorrect as it refers to the vital energy flow in TCM. - Choice D (Chai) is incorrect as it is not a term used in traditional Chinese medicine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Define false negative - An individual with the disease incorrectly identified as disease-free. Step 2: Understand sensitivity - Ability to correctly identify individuals with the disease. Step 3: False negatives indicate low sensitivity. Step 4: Sensitivity is a key characteristic of a diagnostic test. Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is D: Sensitivity. Summary: A: Effectiveness - Overall ability of the test to achieve its intended purpose. B: Efficacy - Ability of the test under ideal conditions. C: Specificity - Ability to correctly identify individuals without the disease. D: Sensitivity - Ability to correctly identify individuals with the disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin A. During measles, Vitamin A supplementation is crucial to reduce the risk of complications and improve recovery. Vitamin A deficiency is common in children with measles and can lead to severe outcomes. Tetanus toxoid (A) is not indicated in measles treatment. Vitamin D (C) and Vitamin E (D) do not play a significant role in managing measles symptoms. In summary, Vitamin A is essential for children with measles to prevent complications and support recovery, making it the correct choice among the options provided.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the Sentrong Sigla Movement's primary approach is certifying health centers meeting DOH standards. This certification ensures that health centers provide quality services. A is incorrect because the movement is led by DOH only. B is incorrect as it focuses on improving services rather than securing funding. C is incorrect as the movement emphasizes overall health service quality, not just disease prevention. In summary, D is correct as it aligns with the movement's core objective, while the other options do not accurately represent its purpose.