ATI LPN
Introduction of Respiratory System NCLEX Questions PN Questions
Question 1 of 5
In bronchial asthma (old paper)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bronchial wall smooth muscle is hypertrophic/hyperplastic (B) in asthma, not atrophic. Choice A is false; extrinsic asthma is a Type I hypersensitivity (immune). Choice C is incorrect; IgE, not IgG, drives allergic asthma. Choice D is wrong; vagal receptors are hypersensitive to irritants. Choice E (eosinophil/neutrophil mediators) is true. Page 724 details B's muscle thickening chronic inflammation causes hypertrophy, increasing bronchoconstriction, contrasting with A's mechanism or D's sensitivity error.
Question 2 of 5
Regarding pulmonary emboli
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pulmonary infarcts from emboli are classically hemorrhagic (B), due to dual blood supply. Choice A is false; only 10% cause infarction (most resolve). Choice C is incorrect; death is from acute right heart failure (cor pulmonale). Choice D is wrong; recurrence risk is 30%, not 3%. Choice E (fever) is true. Page 742 details B's morphology red infarcts from bronchial artery bleeding distinguish it over A's frequency or C's heart error.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is NOT a complication of pneumonia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Suppurative arthritis (D) is not a typical pneumonia complication; dissemination targets heart, brain, or kidneys, not joints. Choice A (abscess) occurs with Klebsiella/type 3 pneumococci. Choice B (empyema) is pus in pleura. Choice C (organization) solidifies lung tissue. Choice E (metaplasia) is a response, not complication. Page 750 lists A-C as direct sequelae abscess from necrosis, empyema from spread, organization from fibrosis but arthritis, while possible in septicemia, isn't standard, distinguishing D as the outlier.
Question 4 of 5
Small cell carcinoma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Small cell carcinoma (SCLC) is always high grade (C), aggressive and undifferentiated. Choice A is false; it's third (20-25%), behind adenocarcinoma/SCC. Choice B is incorrect; it's central or peripheral. Choice D is wrong; it's strongly smoking-related. Choice E (hormone production) is true. Page 762 confirms C's malignancy rapid growth and early metastasis define SCLC, unlike A's prevalence or D's smoking denial.
Question 5 of 5
Which of these microbes causes 'walking pneumonia'?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes 'walking pneumonia,' an atypical, mild lung infection where patients remain ambulatory lacking a cell wall, it resists some antibiotics, needing drugs like azithromycin. Klebsiella pneumoniae causes severe, necrotizing pneumonia, often in alcoholics. Streptococcus pneumoniae leads to classic bacterial pneumonia with lobar consolidation. Chlamydophila pneumoniae also causes atypical pneumonia but is less commonly termed 'walking.' M. pneumoniae's subtle symptoms (dry cough, fatigue) and slow spread in close-knit groups distinguish it, requiring specific lab tests like PCR for confirmation. This milder presentation contrasts with the others' acute severity, guiding treatment and highlighting atypical pneumonia's unique microbial etiology.