ATI LPN
Respiratory System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
In bacterial pneumonia (old paper)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patchy consolidation dominates bronchopneumonia (A), reflecting multifocal spread. Choice B is false; lobar patterns depend on pathogen spread, not anatomy alone. Choice C is incorrect; Klebsiella is occasional, not common (S pneumoniae leads). Choice D is wrong; macrophages, not lymphocytes, clear alveoli. Choice E (nasopharynx defense) is true. Page 749 defines A's morphology bronchial-centric patches contrast with lobar consolidation, distinguishing it over B's variation or D's clearance error.
Question 2 of 5
What disease is caused by Coxiella burnetii?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Coxiella burnetii causes Q fever, a zoonotic disease often contracted from livestock via inhalation of aerosols. It presents with fever, pneumonia, or hepatitis, differing from tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), a chronic lung infection with granulomas; diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae), marked by throat pseudomembranes; and walking pneumonia (typically Mycoplasma pneumoniae), a milder lung infection. C. burnetii's intracellular nature and resilience in the environment distinguish Q fever, which lacks the exotoxin-driven pathology of diphtheria or tuberculosis's slow progression. Accurate identification guides treatment antibiotics like doxycycline for Q fever versus antitoxins or long-term regimens for others emphasizing the need to recognize causative agents in respiratory illness management.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is caused by infections by bread molds?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mucormycosis, caused by Mucorales (e.g., Rhizopus), bread molds, is a rare, aggressive fungal infection, often in diabetics or immunocompromised, invading blood vessels and lungs from inhaled spores. Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides) is dimorphic, not mold-only, tied to soil. Cryptococcosis (Cryptococcus neoformans) involves yeast from bird droppings, not bread molds. Pneumocystis pneumonia (Pneumocystis jirovecii) is a distinct fungus, not mold-related, affecting AIDS patients. Mucormycosis's rapid tissue destruction contrasts with others' slower progression, requiring urgent antifungals and surgery, distinguishing its mold etiology in respiratory and systemic fungal threats.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a pregnant woman new to the clinic. Which question will uncover whether the client has the highest risk for developing pneumonia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Does anyone smoke in the house?' (C) identifies the highest pneumonia risk in pregnancy secondhand smoke impairs ciliary clearance, increasing infection odds (RR ≈1.5). Immunizations (A) matter, but smoking's direct effect trumps. Asthma (B) raises risk, but smoking's environmental impact is broader. Medical conditions (D) are vague versus C's specificity. The document's answer (C) aligns smoke exposure during pregnancy heightens S. pneumoniae risk, distinguishing it from A's prevention or D's generality.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is evaluating the goals for a client with atypical pneumonia. Which finding indicates that an outcome has been successfully met?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Uninterrupted sleep (A) indicates a met outcome in atypical pneumonia (e.g., Mycoplasma) rest reflects reduced dyspnea/fever. Splinting (B) is ongoing, not a resolution marker. Normal temperature (C) is partial success. Oâ‚‚ need (D) suggests unresolved hypoxemia. The document's answer (A) fits sleep improvement (e.g., 6-8 hours) signals recovery from fatigue, distinguishing it from D's dependency.