In an asthmatic attack, which of the following is expected?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Asthma's airway obstruction increases breathing work (C) via bronchoconstriction. Wheezing dominates expiration (A, false) as air traps (Q15). Bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol) relieve it (B, false). FEV1 drops (D, false) due to reduced flow (FEV1/FVC < 70%, Q46). C's effort diaphragm flattening, accessory muscles rises (e.g., 1-2% O2 consumption to 5-10%), unlike A's inspiratory bias or D's spirometry error, per obstructive physiology.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Surfactant reduces alveolar surface tension (B). From type II cells, it drops tension (30 dynes/cm to 5), preventing collapse (Q9). Pleural pressure (A) stays negative (-5 cm H2O). Alveolar pressure (C) is 0 at rest, unaffected directly. Inspiration eases (D, false), compliance rises (0.2 to 0.5 L/cm H2O). B's role unlike A's irrelevance stabilizes 300 million alveoli, per physiology (Q64).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pneumothorax doesn't increase lung compliance. Lung collapses (Q11), thorax widens (A), reducing VC (C, < 4.8 L) and venous return (B, pressure loss, Q58). Compliance (~0.2 L/cm H2O) drops collapsed lung stiffens, not softens (D). A's expansion, B's cardiac effect, and C's volume loss align with air entry (0 mmHg intrapleural). D's increase unlike A's mechanics contradicts physiology's restrictive shift.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In hypoxia with hypercapnia (e.g., COPD), cautious oxygen via a Venturi device (A) is optimal. Hypercapnia reflects COâ‚‚ retention; high Oâ‚‚ (B) risks suppressing the hypoxic drive, worsening COâ‚‚ buildup and acidosis a danger in chronic respiratory failure. Intubation (C) is invasive, reserved for acute failure, not initial management. None' (D) ignores hypoxia's urgency. The Venturi mask delivers precise, low-flow Oâ‚‚ (e.g., 24-35%), correcting hypoxemia without over-oxygenation, balancing Oâ‚‚ saturation (e.g., 88-92%) and COâ‚‚ levels. This approach, rooted in respiratory physiology, prevents ventilatory depression, a key nursing consideration in titrating oxygen therapy for obstructive lung diseases.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Silicosis stems from silica dust (D) crystalline silicon dioxide from quartz or sand in mining, quarrying. Inhaled particles trigger macrophage activation, fibrosis, forming silicotic nodules. Coal (A) causes pneumoconiosis, not silicosis carbon-based. Silicates (B) are related but less fibrogenic. Iron (C) links to siderosis, benign. Beryllium causes berylliosis, distinct granulomas. Silica's unique pathogenicity scars lungs, reducing compliance, key in occupational lung disease diagnosis (e.g., CT showing nodules), guiding prevention like ventilation controls in at-risk workers.