ATI LPN
Respiratory System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
In acute respiratory distress syndrome,
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In ARDS, alveolar walls are lined with waxy hyaline membranes (A), resembling surfactant insufficiency in preterm infants'. Choice B is false; initial damage targets capillary endothelium, later affecting epithelium. Choice C is incorrect; the exudate leads to intra-alveolar fibrosis, not resolution. Choice D is wrong; chest X-rays are often normal initially, showing infiltrates later. Choice E (neutrophil-mediated) is true but not listed. Page 716 details hyaline membranes protein-rich debris from necrosis as a hallmark, driven by neutrophil mediators (e.g., ROS), distinguishing A as the consistent feature over B's epithelial focus or C's resolution.
Question 2 of 5
In rheumatoid arthritis patients, the lung can be affected by the following conditions except
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Squamous metaplasia of the bronchi (D) is not a typical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) lung feature. Choice A (chronic pleuritis) is common. Choice B (interstitial pneumonitis/fibrosis) affects 40% of RA patients. Choice C (rheumatoid nodules) occurs in lung parenchyma. Choice E (pulmonary hypertension) is secondary. Page 731 lists RA's lung effects pleural, interstitial, and nodular but bronchial metaplasia, tied to smoking or bronchitis, isn't RA-specific, making D the exception.
Question 3 of 5
Smoking is associated with (old paper, but only one answer from it)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Smoking is associated with particle deposition in alveolar macrophages (D), e.g., 'smokers' macrophages'. Choice A is false; mesothelioma isn't smoking-related (asbestos-driven). Choice B is incorrect; smoking causes interstitial diseases (e.g., DIP) too. Choice C is wrong; liver disease isn't linked. Choice E (Loffler) is unrelated. Page 740 notes D's hallmark carbon-laden macrophages in smokers' lungs, distinguishing it over A's cancer link or B's exclusion.
Question 4 of 5
In bacterial pneumonia (old paper)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patchy consolidation dominates bronchopneumonia (A), reflecting multifocal spread. Choice B is false; lobar patterns depend on pathogen spread, not anatomy alone. Choice C is incorrect; Klebsiella is occasional, not common (S pneumoniae leads). Choice D is wrong; macrophages, not lymphocytes, clear alveoli. Choice E (nasopharynx defense) is true. Page 749 defines A's morphology bronchial-centric patches contrast with lobar consolidation, distinguishing it over B's variation or D's clearance error.
Question 5 of 5
Squamous cell lung carcinoma (old paper)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) is closely correlated with smoking (B), with 95% in smokers. Choice A is false; 5-year survival is 15%. Choice C is incorrect; it's hilar (1st/2nd order bronchi), not peripheral. Choice D is wrong; it's commoner in males. Choice E (late metastasis) is true. Page 759 details B's link smoking-induced metaplasia drives SCC, distinguishing it over A's survival or C's location error.