In a system of care delivery in which RNs, LPNs, and unlicensed assistive personnel implement specific tasks like medication administration or personal hygiene for the entire nursing unit, what term describes this type of delivery system?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Functional nursing. In functional nursing, tasks are divided among different levels of nursing staff based on their specific functions, such as medication administration or personal hygiene, for the entire unit. This system focuses on efficiency and specialization of tasks, allowing each staff member to focus on their assigned duties. A: Primary nursing is a system where one nurse is responsible for coordinating the care of a group of patients. B: Team nursing involves a team of healthcare professionals working together to provide care to a group of patients. D: Total patient care, also known as case method nursing, involves one nurse providing all aspects of care for a patient. Functional nursing best describes the scenario where tasks are divided among different staff members based on their roles and functions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To understand the professional choices open to the student. Understanding the history of nursing helps students learn about the evolution of the profession, key figures, and important milestones. This knowledge provides insight into various career paths, specialties, and opportunities within nursing. It also helps students appreciate the values, ethics, and core principles that shape modern nursing practice. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the history of nursing is not primarily used for preventing medication errors, determining geographical areas for practice, or reducing healthcare costs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Evil spirits. The natives believe in a spiritual or supernatural cause of illness, as evidenced by their rituals involving fires and drums to ward off or appease evil spirits. This belief aligns with cultural practices in many underdeveloped countries where illness is often attributed to spiritual factors rather than pathogens or genetics (choice A), tides and planets (choice C), or plants and animals (choice D). The rituals surrounding the sick person suggest a belief in the influence of evil spirits on health, making option B the most appropriate choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hippocrates. Hippocrates is credited with creating a written record of health care practices and is known as the "Father of Medicine." He emphasized observational and logical approaches to medicine, moving away from superstition and myth. Hammurabi is known for his code of laws, not health care practices. Florence Nightingale is known for her contributions to nursing. Apollo is a Greek god associated with healing, but he is not a historical figure credited with creating a written record of health care practices.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Convent deaconesses. They were the first public health nurses providing care for the sick and poor in the early centuries. They were trained and devoted to serving the community, establishing the foundation for modern public health nursing. The other choices, A: The Presbyterian Church, B: Salerno, and C: Jewish scholars, are incorrect as they do not align with the historical context of the first public health nurses.