In a hospital that uses Neuman's theory, a client is having difficulty in breathing and requires oxygen and medication. The nurse approaches the client to:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Neuman's Systems Model emphasizes strengthening lines of defense. For a client with breathing difficulty, secondary prevention intervening after symptoms (e.g., oxygen, medication) bolsters the flexible line of defense, reducing stressor impact (e.g., hypoxia) and restoring stability. Self-care goals align with Orem, not Neuman biological focus is narrower. Physiological adaptation fits Roy's model, not Neuman's defense focus. Henderson's 14 needs are unrelated; Neuman prioritizes system integrity. Secondary prevention targets active issues, aligning with Neuman's framework, making this the nurse's approach in this theory-driven care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For a cancer client with poor appetite, protein is most critical to maintain muscle mass and support healing during treatment. Fruits and vegetables offer vitamins, and carbohydrates provide energy, but protein deficiency risks wasting, common in cancer. Nurses prioritize this nutrient to bolster resilience against treatment side effects.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The adreno-cortical response, triggered by stress (NPO for a test), releases cortisol and aldosterone. Decreased urine output (B) occurs as aldosterone retains sodium and water, raising blood volume to counter stress. Low BP (A) contradicts this; pressure rises. Warm, flushed, dry skin (C) aligns with sympathetic, not adreno-cortical effects. Low sodium (D) opposes aldosterone's action. Reduced urine output reflects the body's fluid conservation under stress, matching adreno-cortical physiology and making B correct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Avoiding rocking horse play post-hypospadias repair prevents urethral trauma compresses don't target surgical pain, diapering continues, and diet isn't specific. Nurses teach activity limits, ensuring healing, critical for this urologic surgery.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Yellowish drainage (D) from a ventriculostomy suggests infection (e.g., meningitis), needing immediate reporting. Clear fluid (A) is normal CSF. ICP 18 (B) is borderline. Fever (C) is nonspecific. D is correct. Rationale: Infection risks brain damage, requiring antibiotics, per neurosurgical care, a critical complication.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Florence Nightingale was born May 12, 1820, in Florence, Italy, to British parents hence her name. She studied in Germany and worked in Britain, not France. Her Italian birth ties to her environmental theory's origins, influencing nursing's global history and her Crimean War legacy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Relocating to practice nursing in a new state requires diligence to ensure compliance with local regulations, as each state's nurse practice act varies, even within compact states. Researching the laws and regulations governing nursing practice in the new state is a critical first step, providing insight into licensure requirements, scope of practice, and any unique provisions. Locating the state nursing practice act, often available online, offers the primary source of these rules, allowing the nurse to study and reference them regularly for updates. Accessing educational resources, like those from the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN), further clarifies expectations. Visiting the state board isn't necessary unless required for licensure, and notifying the current state isn't typically mandatory unless exiting a compact agreement. These actions ensure the nurse practices legally and safely, adapting to the new state's standards while protecting their professional integrity and patient safety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nursing's code of ethics, like the ANA's, defines principles autonomy, beneficence, justice, nonmaleficence guiding how nurses deliver care. It shapes professional conduct, ensuring respect for patient rights, dignity, and needs (e.g., informed consent). Improving self-health care applies to nurses personally but isn't the code's focus, which prioritizes clients. Ensuring identical care misinterprets ethics; it promotes fairness, not uniformity, as care varies by patient. Protecting clients from harm is an outcome of ethical practice (nonmaleficence), but the code's broader purpose is defining care principles, not just safety. These principles provide a moral framework, enabling nurses to navigate complex decisions, uphold trust, and maintain professionalism, making this the most comprehensive description of the code's role.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Advance directives aren't only for the terminally ill (A) untrue; anyone can make them, per law. They include living wills (B), are revocable (C), and guide care (D). A's restriction contradicts broad eligibility, making it the correct false statement.