Important source of buffer in CHRONIC metabolic ac

Question 1 of 5

Important source of buffer in CHRONIC metabolic acidosis?

A. Phosphate Buffering System B. Protein Buffers C. Bicarbonate buffer system D. Bone

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In chronic metabolic acidosis, bone acts as an important buffer source, releasing calcium carbonate and phosphate to neutralize excess Hâº over days to weeks, compensating when bicarbonate (C) is depleted. Phosphate (A) and proteins (B) buffer acutely but are less significant long-term, making D correct for chronic states.

Question 2 of 5

The preceptor is reviewing functions of the urinary system with the nursing student. What statement made by the nursing student would demonstrate correct understanding of functions of the urinary system?

A. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that plays a crucial role in the regulation of white blood cell production B. The release of renin into the bloodstream is prompted by conditions like increased blood flow to the kidneys or an increase in blood pressure C. Low creatinine levels may suggest impaired kidney function D. Urea is a nitrogenous waste product that forms in the liver during the breakdown of proteins and amino acids

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Urea is indeed formed in the liver from protein metabolism and excreted by the kidneys (D), a correct urinary system function. EPO regulates red, not white, blood cells (A), renin release occurs with low pressure/flow (B), and low creatinine suggests healthy kidneys (C), making D the accurate statement.

Question 3 of 5

Concerning the THICK loop of Henle:

A. the thick segment of the loop has a very powerful Na/K/2Cl pump that moves salt from the tubular lumen into the peritubular space B. water and urea move freely across the epithelium of the thick ascending segment of the loop C. following the administration of furosemide (lasix) large volumes of diluted urine are produced D. A and C are correct

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The thick ascending loop uses a Na/K/2Cl pump to reabsorb salt (A), is impermeable to water/urea (B is false), and furosemide blocks this pump, producing dilute urine (C). A and C are trueâ€”salt is pumped out, furosemide dilutes urineâ€”while B is incorrect, making D (A and C are correct) the answer.

Question 4 of 5

Renal ammonium ion excretion is increased by aldosterone, elevated blood pCOâ‚‚ and acidemia

A. TRUE B. FALSE C. increased GFR D. decreased sodium reabsorption

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Aldosterone, high pCOâ‚‚, and acidemia boost ammonium (NHâ‚„âº) excretion (A) in the collecting duct and proximal tubule to excrete Hâº during acidosis. Aldosterone enhances Hâº secretion, pCOâ‚‚ and acidemia stimulate ammoniagenesis, making A (true) correct over B or added options.

Question 5 of 5

What type of epithelium forms the lining of the vagina? A) stratified squamous, B) transitional, C) simple ciliated columnar, D) simple cuboidal

A. stratified squamous B. transitional C. simple ciliated columnar D. simple cuboidal

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The vagina is lined with stratified squamous epithelium (A), protecting against friction. Transitional (B) is in the bladder, ciliated columnar (C) in fallopian tubes, and cuboidal (D) in tubules, making A correct.

Important source of buffer in CHRONIC metabolic acidosis?

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