ATI LPN
Urinary and Renal System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Immediately prior to entering loop of Henle a drop of urine would be found in:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Urine moves from proximal convoluted tubule to loop of Henle.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse prepares a teaching plan for an adult client with metabolic syndrome. Which findings should the nurse address to help the client reduce the risk for diabetes mellitus and vascular disease? (SATA)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To reduce diabetes and vascular disease risk in metabolic syndrome, the nurse should address hyperglycemia (A), abdominal obesity (B), and increased triglycerides (C). These are core components of metabolic syndrome, driving insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Hypothyroidism (D) may affect metabolism but isn't a defining feature, and while hypertension and low HDL are also part of the syndrome, they aren't listed, making A, B, and C the correct focus for lifestyle and medical interventions.
Question 3 of 5
Which renal tubule parts functions more in secretion?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is the primary site for secretion in the renal tubule system. It actively secretes substances such as hydrogen ions, potassium, and certain drugs from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular lumen, aiding in waste elimination and pH regulation. Unlike the proximal convoluted tubule, which is lined with microvilli and excels at reabsorption, the DCT lacks microvilli, enhancing its secretory role. The Loop of Henle focuses on creating a concentration gradient, and the collecting duct adjusts water and electrolyte balance, making the DCT the correct answer for secretion.
Question 4 of 5
What is the cause of the distention of the urinary bladder and what does its distension produce?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Distension of the urinary bladder is caused by an increase in intra-vesical pressure as urine volume rises, stretching the bladder wall. This activates stretch receptors, producing the micturition reflex: reflex contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal and external urethral sphincters, facilitating urination. This differs from relaxation, sphincter contraction, or pain alone, making B the correct cause and effect.
Question 5 of 5
Renal Clearance can give an indication of the functioning of the kidneys.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Renal clearance measures the volume of plasma cleared of a substance per unit time, reflecting kidney function. For substances like creatinine, clearance approximates GFR, indicating filtration efficiency. Abnormal clearance suggests impaired glomerular or tubular function, making it a valuable diagnostic tool, thus A (True) is correct.