ATI LPN
Renal System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
If urination is not convenient, the brain sends impulses down the spinal cord to inhibit the micturition reflex?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When urination is inconvenient, the brain (pons and cortex) sends inhibitory signals via descending spinal pathways to suppress the sacral micturition reflex. This overrides pelvic nerve-mediated detrusor contraction and reinforces pudendal nerve control of the external sphincter, delaying voiding until appropriate, making A (True) correct.
Question 2 of 5
A young woman is found comatose, having taken an unknown number of sleeping pills an unknown time before. An arterial blood sample yields the following values: pH - 6.90, HCO3- 13 meq/liter, PaCO2 68 mmHg. This patient's acid-base status is most accurately described as
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A pH of 6.90 (severe acidosis), HCO₃⻠of 13 mEq/L (low), and PaCO₂ of 68 mmHg (high) indicate combined metabolic acidosis (low HCO₃⻠from overdose, e.g., lactic acid) and respiratory acidosis (high PCO₂ from hypoventilation due to sedation). No compensation is evident (HCO₃⻠isn't rising), ruling out A, B, D, making C correct.
Question 3 of 5
For a patient with Crohn disease, the medical-surgical nurse recommends a diet that is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel condition, requires a low-fiber diet to reduce irritation, and high protein and calories (C) to support healing and nutrition during flares. High fiber (A) worsens symptoms, potassium (B, D) isn't the focus unless deficient, making C the recommended diet.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is preparing a patient for bladder training. What is the primary focus of bladder training for patients with impaired urinary elimination?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bladder training for impaired urinary elimination (e.g., incontinence) focuses on strengthening pelvic floor muscles (C) via exercises (e.g., Kegels) and scheduled voiding to improve control. Fluid balance (A) is secondary, catheterization (B) is invasive, and urodynamic testing (D) is diagnostic, making C the primary focus.
Question 5 of 5
Concerning cell volume regulation:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Na/H and Cl/HCO₃ antiports regulate volume in hypertonic conditions (A), water efflux precedes KCl in hypertonic states (B is partial), and KCl efflux adjusts hypotonic swelling (C). A and C are true—antiports for shrinkage, KCl for swelling—while B is incomplete, making D (A and C are correct) the answer.