If this condition is left untreated what is the most expected outcome?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A negative Net Filtration Pressure (NFP) of -10 mmHg, as in this patient with severe shock, halts glomerular filtration, stopping urine production. Shock reduces renal perfusion, and untreated, this acute insult can lead to acute renal failure (or acute kidney injury), characterized by sudden loss of kidney function. Chronic renal failure develops over time, kidney stones are unrelated, and hypertension is a pre-existing condition here, not the outcome, making B correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sodium reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) involves Na⁺ entering the cell from the lumen (A is true) via cotransporters, but it's transported out to the capillary via Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, a primary active transport process, not passive (C is false). The pump uses ATP to move Na⁺ against its gradient, contradicting C, making it the false statement.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The statement is incorrect. Chemical buffers (bicarbonate, phosphate, proteins) are the first line of defense, instantly neutralizing pH changes. Physiological responses (respiratory CO₂ adjustment, renal H⁺/HCO₃⁻ regulation) follow if buffers are insufficient. The terms are reversed here, making B (False) correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Effective evaluation feedback requires regular, specific communication about performance (C), enabling staff to understand strengths and areas for improvement, fostering growth. Weekly meetings (A) may help but aren't specific to feedback, delegation (B) is task assignment, and goal-setting (D) is planning, not evaluation, making C the key to effectiveness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tubular secretion actively transports substances (e.g., H⁺, K⁺, drugs) from peritubular capillaries into renal tubules (B), aiding waste elimination and pH balance. Reabsorption (A) retrieves substances, filtration (C) is glomerular, and blood pressure control (D) is indirect, making B the correct role.