Identify the vessels that branch off the aortic arch.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The aortic arch branches into the brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Increased preload stretches the cardiac muscle more, decreased afterload reduces resistance to ejection, and increased contractility enhances force of contraction, all contributing to higher stroke volume.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow between the heart and lungs, not the liver.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The heart receives innervation from both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, including the vagus nerve.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Blood passing through the tricuspid valve has just left the right atrium.