ATI LPN
Questions of Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Identify the groove found on the surface of the heart and marks the boundary between the right and left ventricles.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The anterior interventricular sulcus, a groove on the heart's front surface, marks the boundary between the right and left ventricles, housing the anterior interventricular artery. The coronary sulcus encircles the heart, separating atria from ventricles. The posterior interventricular sulcus, on the back, also divides ventricles but is less prominent anteriorly. The coronary sinus is a vein, not a groove. This sulcus's visibility and vascular role make it a key landmark, guiding surgical and imaging approaches, essential in cardiac anatomy for locating ventricular divisions.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following would lead to a decreased heart rate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Increased plasma potassium (hyperkalemia) decreases heart rate by depolarizing cardiac cells, slowing pacemaker activity and conduction severe cases stop the heart. Norepinephrine (sympathetic) and thyroid hormone increase rate by boosting metabolism and SA node firing. Increased calcium enhances contractility, not slowing rate in excess, it speeds it. Potassium's membrane effect, shifting resting potential, disrupts rhythm, a clinical concern in renal failure or drug effects, contrasting with stimulatory factors, key in ECG changes and arrhythmia management.
Question 3 of 5
During heart transplants, the _____ nerves are severed resulting in a faster resting heart rate (approximately 100 beats per minute) after the transplant.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During heart transplants, vagus nerves (parasympathetic) are severed, losing their slowing effect on the SA node, raising resting heart rate to ~100 bpm its intrinsic pace. Glossopharyngeal nerves sense pressure, not rate directly. Cardiac accelerator (sympathetic) nerves speed rate, intact or regrown later. Phrenic nerves drive diaphragm, not heart. This denervation removes 'brake,' key in post-transplant care, explaining tachycardia and need for rate control.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is a semilunar valve?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 5
What should the nurse include when teaching health maintenance strategies to the client w/ COPD? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Yearly influenza (A), pneumonia vaccines (B), and adequate calories (D) aid COPD per GOLD guidelines, but A is primary (document lists 1). Flu shots cut exacerbations (30-50% risk drop). Pneumonia vaccine (PCV13) prevents S. pneumoniae. Limiting activity (C) worsens deconditioning exercise (e.g., 30 min/day) is key. Calories (e.g., 30 kcal/kg) combat cachexia from high metabolic demand (BMR +20%). A's emphasis reflects COPD's viral trigger risk flu doubles exacerbation odds, unlike C's harm or D's support role, making it the standout strategy.