Identify the factors that affect peripheral resistance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Peripheral resistance is primarily influenced by arterial diameter and length, as well as blood viscosity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: During ventricular contraction (systole), blood is ejected out of the heart into arteries. The atrioventricular valves close to prevent backflow into the atria.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The foramen ovale allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the non-functional fetal lungs by flowing directly from the right atrium to the left atrium.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the nonfunctional fetal lungs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The tunica media contains smooth muscle, enabling vessel constriction and dilation.