ATI LPN
Nursing Fundamentals Exam for LPN Questions
Question 1 of 5
Icheanne then asked you, what is the first process that occurs in the inflammatory response after injury, You tell her:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The first process in the inflammatory response after injury is pavementation (C), where white blood cells (WBCs), primarily neutrophils, adhere to the vascular endothelium near the injury site. This occurs post-vasodilation, preparing for emigration. Phagocytosis (A) is the engulfment of pathogens, happening later after WBCs reach the tissue. Emigration (B) follows pavementation, as WBCs exit vessels into tissues. Chemotaxis (D) guides WBCs to the site via chemical signals but isn't the initial step. Pavementation marks the start of cellular involvement in inflammation, enabling subsequent migration and action, making C the correct choice for the earliest process.
Question 2 of 5
Estrada, The Philippine president, has been unexpectedly impeached and was out of office before the end of his term. He is in what type of crisis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Estrada's impeachment is a situational crisis (A), an external, unexpected event disrupting life, per crisis theory. Maturational (B) ties to life stages (e.g., aging). Social (C) and phenomenal (D) aren't recognized types. Situational fits this sudden political upheaval, making A correct.
Question 3 of 5
Physician ordered, Paracetamol tablet ss. What does ss means?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ss' means one half (C), from Latin 'semis,' per abbreviations. Without (A) is 's,' with (B) 'cc,' with half dose (D) isn't standard. C matches Paracetamol dosing, making it correct.
Question 4 of 5
Rhina, who has Menieres disease, said that her environment is moving. Which of the following is a valid assessment? 1. Rhina is giving an objective data 2. Rhina is giving a subjective data 3. The source of the data is primary 4. The source of the data is secondary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rhina's 'environment is moving' is subjective (2) her perception and primary (3), from her directly, per assessment types. Objective (1) is measurable (e.g., pulse), secondary (4) from others. B (2,3) fits vertigo in Meniere's, making it correct.
Question 5 of 5
A client who is unconscious needs frequent mouth care. When performing mouth care, the best position of a client is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Positioning an unconscious client for mouth care requires prioritizing airway protection and procedural safety. An unconscious client is at risk for aspiration of saliva, secretions, or cleaning solutions, as they lack a gag reflex and cannot swallow effectively. The side-lying position (B) is optimal because it allows gravity to drain secretions out of the mouth, reducing the risk of aspiration into the lungs. Fowler's position (A), a semi-upright posture, is useful for alert clients but less effective for unconscious ones, as secretions may still pool in the throat. Supine (C), lying flat on the back, increases aspiration risk by allowing fluids to flow toward the airway. Trendelenburg (D), with the head lower than the feet, is contraindicated as it exacerbates aspiration risk and is typically used for specific circulatory interventions. Side-lying facilitates access to the oral cavity while ensuring safety, making B the best choice for this vulnerable client.