Human immunodeficiency virus; types of isolation should the nurse implement to prevent transmission of HIV?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Standard precautions. Standard precautions are essential to prevent transmission of HIV, which spreads through blood and body fluids. These precautions include hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, safe injection practices, and proper disposal of sharps. Airborne precautions (choice A) are not necessary for HIV, as it is not transmitted through the air. Contact precautions (choice B) only during wound care are not sufficient, as HIV can be transmitted through various body fluids, not just wounds. Droplet precautions (choice D) are not appropriate for HIV, as it is not primarily spread through respiratory droplets. Therefore, standard precautions are the most effective and comprehensive approach to prevent HIV transmission.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it demonstrates therapeutic communication by clarifying and restating the client's concern, showing empathy and understanding. This approach helps the client feel supported and encourages open communication with their partner. Choice A is incorrect because healthcare providers are not required by law to disclose a patient's HIV status without their consent, as it violates patient confidentiality under HIPAA. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not address the importance of open communication and may lead to potential harm by withholding vital information. Overall, response B is the most appropriate as it promotes trust, honesty, and understanding in the client-nurse relationship.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Crohn disease. Crohn disease is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract, causing inflammation and damage to the digestive system. It is characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. The other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect because Guillain-Barré syndrome affects the peripheral nervous system, Addison disease affects the adrenal glands, and Sjögren syndrome affects the exocrine glands, not the gastrointestinal system. Crohn disease specifically targets the gastrointestinal system, making it the most appropriate choice among the options provided.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Petechiae and purpura. Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by low platelet count, leading to impaired blood clotting. Petechiae are small red or purple spots on the skin caused by bleeding into the skin from broken capillaries. Purpura refers to larger purple patches caused by bleeding under the skin. In thrombocytopenia, the lack of platelets results in the inability to form clots, leading to bleeding in small vessels. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because infection, pruritus, and scarring are not typically associated with bleeding due to thrombocytopenia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Overactive. In systemic lupus erythematosus, the immune system is hyperactive, leading to the production of autoantibodies that attack healthy tissues. This results in inflammation and tissue damage throughout the body. The other choices are incorrect because A (Underactive) does not align with the autoimmune nature of lupus, C (Inactive) is not true as there is ongoing immune system activity in lupus, and D (None of the above) is not accurate as the immune system in lupus is indeed overactive.