ATI LPN
Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions and Answers PDF Questions
Question 1 of 9
How does the descending limb of the loop of Henle differ from the ascending limb?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Descending limb allows water out, not solutes; ascending is opposite.
Question 2 of 9
When you're in formal situation and you can't go to bathroom, but your bladder is full, what will happen?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When delaying urination despite a full bladder, the brain inhibits the micturition reflex by activating somatic control via the pudendal nerve, which maintains external urethral sphincter contraction. The pelvic nerve (parasympathetic) drives detrusor contraction, hypogastric nerve (sympathetic) relaxes it, but pudendal inhibition prevents voiding, making B correct.
Question 3 of 9
When collecting a urine specimen from a female patient, which of these actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Washing the perineum (A) reduces contamination for accurate urinalysis. Waiting an hour (B) is impractical, first void (C) is for specific tests, and bedpan transfer (D) risks contamination, making A the standard procedure.
Question 4 of 9
What glomerular filtration rate (GFR) would the nurse estimate for a 30-yr-old patient with a creatinine clearance result of 60 mL/min?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The creatinine clearance approximates the GFR. The other responses are not accurate.
Question 5 of 9
The nurse is caring for a patient who has an elevated uric acid level. Which of the following could cause this elevated uric acid level?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Kidney disease (B), leukemia (D), malnutrition (E), and thiazide diuretics (F) elevate uric acid, but B is a primary cause. GI bleeding (A) and steroids (C) are less direct, making B a significant contributor.
Question 6 of 9
The nurse is caring for a patient in acute kidney injury. Which of the following complications would most clearly warrant the administration of polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperkalemia, a common complication of acute kidney injury, is life-threatening if immediate action is not taken to reverse it. The administration of polystyrene sulfonate reduces serum potassium levels.
Question 7 of 9
A client has a long history of hypertension. Which category of medications would the nurse expect to be ordered to avoid chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: ACE inhibitors improve renal perfusion, slowing CKD progression in hypertension.
Question 8 of 9
A female client with an indwelling urinary catheter is suspected of having a urinary tract infection. Nurse Angel should collect a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirating urine from the self-sealing port with a sterile needle after antiseptic wipe (B) ensures a fresh, uncontaminated sample from the catheter, ideal for accurate culture and sensitivity. Disconnecting tubing (A) risks contamination, drainage bag urine (C) is stagnant and unreliable, and clamping then aspirating (D) is unnecessary and risks backflow, making B the standard, sterile method.
Question 9 of 9
How does the descending limb of the loop of Henle differ from the ascending limb?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Descending limb allows water out, not solutes; ascending is opposite.