How can a nurse promote effective communication with a patient who has limited cognitive function?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Using simple, clear language and allowing comprehension time promotes effective communication with a cognitively limited patient by matching their processing ability, reducing confusion, and encouraging understanding. Complex terms overwhelm, hindering accuracy. Rapid speech outpaces their grasp, causing frustration. Minimal communication isolates, missing care opportunities engagement matters. Nurses repeat key points, use visuals if needed, and check responses, patiently bridging cognitive gaps to ensure instructions or comfort are conveyed effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Using a swab to clean the mouth assists a mobility-limited patient by providing gentle, effective oral care tailored to their physical constraints, preventing decay or infection. Doing it entirely for them may work but reduces autonomy unnecessarily. Leaving with tools assumes ability they may lack, risking neglect. Avoiding care invites complications discomfort stems from poor hygiene, not care itself. Nurses swab gently, often with solutions, supporting independence where possible, a practical hygiene solution for dependent patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Personal beliefs are not a formal determinant of health, unlike culture, biology/genetics, and social support, which are recognized factors shaping health outcomes. Culture influences practices and access, biology/genetics dictate predisposition (e.g., hereditary conditions), and social support buffers stress or isolation all directly tied to health. Beliefs, like preferring herbal remedies, reflect individual choices shaped by determinants, not the determinants themselves. Health care aides encounter beliefs in care preferences, but their role is to navigate these within broader health factors, ensuring care respects clients while addressing systemic influences, not conflating personal views with structural drivers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Holistic care addresses physical (e.g., pain), emotional (e.g., mood), social (e.g., relationships), intellectual (e.g., stimulation), and spiritual (e.g., beliefs) aspects, ensuring whole-person well-being. Free choice and independence are principles, not components. Career and money are narrow, missing broader needs. Family and religion are subsets, not the full model. Health care aides adopt this approach e.g., aiding mobility (physical) while chatting (social) to meet diverse needs, enhancing quality of life beyond mere tasks, a comprehensive care philosophy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A substitute decision maker legally consents for an incapable person, unlike consenter (B, not a term), assaulter (C, irrelevant), or executor (D, for estates). PSWs interact with them when clients can't decide e.g., dementia cases ensuring care aligns with the client's best interests. Misidentifying this role could delay decisions or misapply authority, compromising care. Recognizing this authority ensures PSWs respect legal proxies, facilitating timely interventions like treatment approval, a critical link in client advocacy and ethical practice.