How can a nurse help prevent urinary tract infections in a female patient?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cleansing the perineal area from front to back after toileting prevents UTIs in female patients by keeping fecal bacteria away from the urethra, a short pathway prone to infection. Holding urine fosters bacterial growth, increasing risk. Back-to-front wiping introduces pathogens, the opposite of prevention. Limiting fluids concentrates urine, encouraging infection, not deterring it hydration flushes bacteria. Nurses teach and reinforce this technique, especially in dependent care, to minimize UTI incidence, a common yet avoidable issue.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Providing assistance with nail care as needed ensures proper hygiene for a mobility-impaired patient by trimming or cleaning nails to prevent overgrowth or infection, tailored to their ability. Avoiding care risks ingrown nails or dirt buildup, inviting infection, not preventing it. Yearly hygiene is neglect monthly or as needed is standard. Doing it fully saves time but may not empower support balances help with autonomy. Nurses use clippers or files, aiding grooming safely, a detail enhancing comfort and health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Speaking really loud does not demonstrate professionalism it's disruptive, lacks sensitivity, and may distress clients, unlike a positive attitude (uplifting care), advocacy (supporting needs), and discretion (maintaining boundaries). Professionalism requires calm, respectful communication tailored to client needs, not volume for its own sake. Health care aides must adapt e.g., raising volume only for hearing-impaired clients with clear intent ensuring interactions foster trust and dignity. Loudness without purpose signals impatience or poor judgment, undermining the aide's role as a composed, client-focused caregiver in diverse settings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Sofia's self-defined family friends, including a legal guardian reflects a chosen support network, not tied to blood or marriage, unlike blended (step-relatives), traditional (nuclear), or fake (implying deceit) families. This modern structure is valid in health care, where aides recognize such bonds for emotional and legal support. Sofia's setup shows autonomy in defining family, and aides must respect it e.g., involving her guardian in decisions ensuring care aligns with her reality, not outdated norms, a key insight for inclusive practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A nurse practitioner is an RN with advanced education and prescribing rights, unlike a dietician (A, nutrition), registered nurse (C, no prescribing), or practical nurse (D, limited scope). PSWs collaborate with them, reporting observations for medication adjustments. Misidentification could blur roles, affecting care coordination e.g., expecting an RN to prescribe. Recognizing this ensures PSWs defer clinical decisions appropriately, supporting advanced care while staying within their assistive scope, a key dynamic in health teams.