How can a nurse help a patient maintain personal hygiene while adhering to cultural preferences?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Engaging the patient in discussions about cultural practices allows the nurse to tailor hygiene care e.g., hair washing or modesty to their beliefs, maintaining dignity and compliance. Discouraging practices alienates, reducing trust. Disregarding preferences risks offense and discomfort. Avoiding care entirely neglects health needs, not respect. Nurses ask questions, adapt techniques (like using a headscarf), and ensure hygiene aligns with values, blending clinical necessity with cultural sensitivity for effective, respectful care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Monitoring frequently and releasing restraints as soon as possible ensures proper use by minimizing risk (e.g., circulation issues) and duration, aligning with safety and ethical standards. Punishment is illegal restraints protect, not discipline. Wrist-only application ignores full needs; type varies by situation. Overtightening harms, not helps fit must be secure yet safe. Nurses check skin, adjust as needed, and document, balancing protection with dignity, a regulated practice to prevent harm and overuse.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A urinal collects urine (and potentially feces in broader terms, though typically urine-focused) for a bedbound male patient, maintaining hygiene and convenience without requiring movement. Comfortable seating isn't its role it's a handheld device. Leg elevation uses pillows, not urinals. Encouraging mobility doesn't apply; it's for immobility. Nurses assist with placement, ensuring spill-free use, a practical solution for elimination needs in confined conditions, supporting dignity and cleanliness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The Minimum Data Set (MDS) assesses pain, mobility, and diet to track resident status in long-term care, but mental health diagnosis isn't a standard category it's inferred via behavior or mood, not directly listed. MDS focuses on functional areas (e.g., ADLs, nutrition) for care planning, not clinical diagnoses like depression, which nurses or doctors handle separately. Health care aides contribute observations to MDS, like pain levels, but don't diagnose. Knowing its scope ensures accurate reporting, avoiding confusion over their role in this standardized tool.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Scenario is not a formal stage in critical thinking, unlike observe , analyze , and action , which align with standard models like gathering data, evaluating it, and deciding. Critical thinking for PSWs involves observing client signs (e.g., pain), analyzing causes (e.g., injury), and acting (e.g., reporting) a cycle excluding hypothetical 'scenarios' as a step. Confusing this risks muddling practical decision-making; PSWs don't theorize scenarios but respond to real-time cues. Mastery of this process ensures effective care, like spotting a fall risk and adjusting support, distinguishing their role from abstract planning, vital for client safety and efficiency.