How can a nurse assist a visually impaired patient with ambulation?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Providing verbal cues and guidance while walking beside a visually impaired patient ensures safe ambulation by compensating for their lack of sight with clear instructions and physical proximity. Walking unassisted risks falls or collisions, undermining safety over independence. Ignoring the impairment doesn't build resilience it neglects care duty and invites harm. Confinement sacrifices mobility and quality of life for false safety. Nurses use this supportive approach describing obstacles, offering an arm if needed to balance autonomy with protection, fostering confidence and preventing injuries in a tailored, compassionate way.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Demonstrating the technique and providing positive reinforcement encourages effective incentive spirometry use by showing proper deep-breathing methods and motivating the patient with praise, improving lung expansion post-surgery. Rapid breathing defeats the goal slow, deep breaths are key. Shallow breaths reduce efficacy, risking atelectasis. Using it for the patient undermines their active role it's a self-exercise tool. Nurses model the process, set goals (e.g., volume markers), and cheer progress, enhancing compliance and respiratory health through empowerment and support.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Cleansing from front to back during perineal care for a female patient prevents contamination by keeping fecal bacteria away from the urethra, reducing UTI risk a key hygiene principle. Back-to-front spreads pathogens, increasing infection likelihood. Cold water discomforts and doesn't clean better lukewarm is ideal. Avoiding soap neglects thoroughness; mild cleansers remove debris safely. Nurses use this directional technique with gentle wiping to maintain cleanliness and protect urinary health, especially in incontinent or dependent patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Holding the cane on the weaker side promotes safety by supporting the compromised leg, allowing the stronger side to bear weight naturally, enhancing balance during ambulation. Random cane placement reduces stability close, firm positioning is key. Tilting forward risks slipping or poor leverage; it should align vertically. Closed eyes disorient, increasing falls vision guides steps. Nurses ensure proper cane height and grip, reinforcing this technique to maximize support and minimize injury risk in mobility-limited patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Keeping the catheter bag above the bladder ensures proper hygiene by preventing urine backflow, reducing infection risk a key catheter care principle. Weekly emptying allows bacterial growth and overflow, unhygienic and unsafe. Keeping it above the bladder (corrected from the original intent) avoids reflux below is standard; frequent disconnection breaches sterility, inviting germs. Securing tubing aids comfort but isn't hygiene-focused. Nurses maintain a closed system, position the bag low, and clean daily, safeguarding urinary health effectively.