Hepatocyte function includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: breakdown of hemoglobin. Hepatocytes do not breakdown hemoglobin; this function occurs primarily in the spleen. A: drug detoxification is correct as the liver metabolizes and detoxifies drugs. B: protein synthesis is also correct as hepatocytes produce various proteins. C: gluconeogenesis is correct as the liver can synthesize glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. Therefore, the breakdown of hemoglobin is the only function not performed by hepatocytes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pancreatoduodenectomy. The Whipple procedure involves the removal of the head of the pancreas, a portion of the duodenum, the gallbladder, and part of the bile duct. Therefore, it is also known as a Pancreatoduodenectomy. A: Cholangiopancreatography is a diagnostic imaging technique to visualize the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts, not a surgical procedure. C: Cholangiogram is an imaging test to visualize the bile ducts, not a surgical procedure. D: Cholecystogram is an imaging test to visualize the gallbladder, not a surgical procedure.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amylase. Amylase is an enzyme that specifically breaks down starches into maltose through hydrolysis. It is produced in the salivary glands and pancreas. Lipase (B) breaks down lipids, Trypsinogen (C) is a precursor to trypsin which digests proteins, and Pepsin (D) is an enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect for breaking down starches into maltose.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Chloride ions activate salivary amylase.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) provides immune defense.