ATI LPN
Assessment of Hematologic System NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Heparin prevents clotting by?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Binding antithrombin III. Heparin enhances the activity of antithrombin III, which in turn inhibits several clotting factors, specifically thrombin and factor Xa. This prevents the formation of fibrin clots. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because heparin does not inhibit vitamin K factors, prevent platelet activation, or activate tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) directly. Heparin works primarily by enhancing the inhibitory action of antithrombin III on clotting factors.
Question 2 of 5
Why do clients with COPD tend to be polycythemic?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because polycythemia is a compensatory mechanism in response to tissue hypoxia in clients with COPD. As the lungs are unable to efficiently oxygenate the blood due to the lung disease, the body produces more red blood cells to increase oxygen-carrying capacity and compensate for the decreased oxygen levels. Choices A and C are incorrect because they do not directly address the underlying cause of polycythemia in COPD. Choice B is incorrect as overactive bone marrow is not the primary reason for polycythemia in COPD.
Question 3 of 5
Drugs that impair the immune system include ALL the following except?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Explanation: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is not known to impair the immune system. Ibuprofen can reduce inflammation, nitrofurantoin can affect the liver, and amphotericin B can suppress the immune system. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client with HIV who has been admitted with pneumonia. In assessing the client, which of the following observations takes immediate priority?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, tachypnea and restlessness. This is the immediate priority because it indicates respiratory distress, a potentially life-threatening complication in a client with pneumonia and HIV. Tachypnea suggests inadequate oxygenation, while restlessness may indicate hypoxia. Prompt intervention is crucial to prevent respiratory failure. Choice A, oral temperature, is important but not as urgent as addressing respiratory distress. Choice C, frequent loose stools, could be a concern but is not an immediate priority compared to respiratory distress. Choice D, weight loss, is relevant but does not require immediate intervention like tachypnea and restlessness.
Question 5 of 5
On admission to a medical unit, a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tests positive for benzodiazepine. The client denies using this medication. Which medication is likely causing a false-positive result?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Efavirenz. Efavirenz is known to cause false-positive results in benzodiazepine testing due to its structural similarity to certain benzodiazepines. Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV. The other choices, Doravirine, Nevirapine, and Etravirine, are not associated with causing false-positive results in benzodiazepine testing. Therefore, the client's positive benzodiazepine result is likely due to the use of Efavirenz.