ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Heavy chain (gamma G) disease is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Heavy chain disease (gamma G) a plasma cell dyscrasia (B) overproduces IgG heavy chains (e.g., Franklin's disease), causing lymphadenopathy, unlike Hodgkin's (A lymphoma). Thrombocytopenia (C) or hypersensitivity (D) don't fit marrow-based. None' denies. Dyscrasia's monoclonal protein is key, guiding nursing for electrophoresis and immunosuppression.
Question 2 of 5
The crisis of sickle cell anemia may be confused with:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sickle cell crisis mimics acute appendicitis (B) vaso-occlusive pain (e.g., RLQ) overlaps with peritoneal irritation, confusing diagnosis. Rheumatic fever (A) causes arthritis, carditis. Leukemia (C) brings fatigue, bleeding. Appendicitis's acute abdomen is key, guiding nursing for imaging (e.g., US) and pain differentiation.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following statements are false:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carcinoma of the stomach bleeding isn't usually massive (C false) it's chronic, occult (e.g., <100 mL/day), unlike varices. Red hematemesis (A) fits massive or achlorhydria true. Tarry melena (B) from distal gut true. Rare urinary bleeding (D) except TB true. C's overstatement is key, guiding nursing for endoscopy vs. acute bleed protocols.
Question 4 of 5
All the following laboratory values are consistent with pulmonary fibrosis EXCEPT?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pulmonary fibrosis is a restrictive lung disease characterized by the deposition of excessive collagen in the lung interstitium, leading to stiff, non-compliant lungs. This stiffness results in decreased lung compliance, making it difficult for the lungs to expand during inspiration. Additionally, the fibrotic tissue compresses pulmonary blood vessels, increasing pulmonary vascular resistance. The forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) are both reduced due to the restricted lung expansion, but the FEV1/FVC ratio remains normal or above normal because the reduction is proportional, distinguishing it from obstructive diseases where the ratio decreases. Residual volume (RV), however, is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration. In pulmonary fibrosis, RV is typically decreased because the stiff lungs cannot hold as much air at the end of expiration, unlike in obstructive diseases like COPD where air trapping increases RV. Therefore, increased residual volume is not consistent with pulmonary fibrosis and stands out as the exception among the listed values, which align with the pathophysiology of this condition.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following regarding Residual volume is correct?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Residual volume (RV) is the air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration, preventing complete collapse and maintaining alveolar stability. It's not just after tidal expiration (that's FRC), so that statement is imprecise. In COPD, an obstructive disease, air trapping increases RV due to impaired expiration from narrowed airways or loss of elastic recoil, not decreases it. In pulmonary fibrosis, a restrictive disease, RV decreases because stiff lungs limit all volumes, including the amount left after maximal effort. However, RV remains relatively constant throughout a healthy person's life, unaffected by aging alone in the absence of disease, as lung elasticity and structure don't drastically alter RV without pathology. While lung volumes like vital capacity may shift with age, RV's stability reflects its role as a fixed baseline, measured indirectly (e.g., helium dilution), and isn't subject to significant physiological variation over time in health. Thus, its consistency across a lifetime is the correct statement, distinguishing it from disease-specific changes.