He was called the father of sanitation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Moses, in ancient Hebrew texts, introduced sanitation laws e.g., waste disposal, quarantine earning the ‘father of sanitation' title. Abraham (patriarch), Hippocrates (medicine), and Halstead (surgery) differ. His rules, like Leviticus' hygiene codes, predate modern sanitation, influencing public health and nursing's infection control roots.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Battery is touching without consent (C), per law e.g., unpermitted procedure. Standards (A) is malpractice, threat (B) assault, emotional harm (D) not key. C best defines battery's physical breach, making it correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cultural competence respects beliefs (A), improves care (B), enhances communication (D) 'impose her beliefs' (C) isn't true, as it contradicts respecting client culture, per standards. C's imposition opposes competence's goal of sensitivity, making it the untrue statement.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Bed rest risks venous stasis, a pulmonary embolus cause. Leg movement promotes circulation, preventing clots from forming and traveling to lungs. Fluid limits dehydration but not emboli directly, deep breathing aids lungs but not veins, and knee gatch increases stasis. Nurses teach exercises, reducing thromboembolism risk, enhancing recovery safety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Returning as promised is fidelity (A) keeping commitments, per ethics. Veracity (B) is truth, justice (C) fairness, beneficence (D) good not promise-specific. A reflects the nurse's reliability, fostering trust with Mr. Gary, aligning with fidelity's ethical role in nursing, making it correct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Giving pain meds unasked, based on assessed need, is beneficence (B) doing good, per ethics. Autonomy (A) respects choice, justice (C) fairness, fidelity (D) promises not proactive care. B fits promoting well-being, making it correct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Age, immobility, incontinence, and malnutrition heighten pressure ulcer risk.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Using the calibrated dropper ensures accurate dosing of Lanoxin (digoxin) elixir for an infant with Tetralogy of Fallot, critical due to its narrow therapeutic range and cardiac effects. Nipples, spoons, or dilution in bottles risk under- or overdosing. Nurses teach this method to parents, stressing precision to manage heart defects safely, preventing toxicity or inefficacy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In evidence-based practice (EBP), the second step after posing a question is a systematic review, where the nurse summarizes findings from multiple studies on a specific nursing practice like pain relief methods. This involves synthesizing data from diverse sources, assessing consistency, and identifying patterns, not just asking a question (step one) or recommending practice (later step). A meta-analysis, a statistical synthesis, may follow but isn't required here. Systematic review builds a comprehensive evidence base, revealing what works e.g., studies showing non-opioid pain options reduce side effects setting the stage for appraisal and application. It's meticulous, reducing bias by including all relevant research, ensuring nurses ground decisions in a broad, reliable overview rather than isolated findings, critical for effective, patient-centered care.