Harold Jackson, a 65-year-old former elementary school teacher living at home, remembers having influenza A in the pandemic of 2009. Which teaching point can the nurse include to decrease Mr. Jackson's risk of getting the flu?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: For 65-year-old Harold Jackson, the nurse teaches that the injectable flu vaccine might be less effective due to age-related immune decline, increasing his risk a key point to encourage vaccination despite this. Past influenza A (2009) doesn't guarantee immunity strains change yearly, and antibodies wane, so prior infection isn't protective now. The intranasal spray, a live vaccine, is contraindicated for those over 50 due to safety and efficacy concerns. Living at home versus a facility lowers exposure but not inherent risk flu circulates everywhere. The nurse emphasizes vaccination's role, even if less potent in seniors, as it still reduces severity and complications like pneumonia, critical for his age group, aligning with CDC recommendations for annual shots to mitigate flu's impact on older adults.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Long-standing pulmonary edema causes brown induration (B), but it predisposes to infection, not protects, due to hemosiderin-laden macrophages (Page 715). Choice A is false; microvascular injury (e.g., ARDS) damages capillaries, not hydrostatic pressure (that's heart failure). Choice C is incorrect; left heart failure increases capillary hydrostatic pressure, not plasma oncotic pressure (which reduces edema). Choice D is wrong; pneumonia's edema is localized, and death stems from sepsis/infection, not diffuse edema. Brown induration reflects chronic hemorrhage, impairing clearance and increasing infection risk (e.g., pneumonia), making B's 'protective' claim false while aligning with its morphological outcome.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Chronic bronchitis is most frequent in middle-aged men (D), with 90% being smokers'. Choice A is false; infection maintains, not develops, disease (smoking initiates). Choice B is incorrect; emphysema, not bronchiolitis, dominates with obstruction. Choice C is wrong; goblet cell overactivity is metaplastic, not dysplastic (protective, not precancerous). Choice E (none true) is invalid. Page 722 notes D's demographic men's higher smoking rates historically sustain prevalence, contrasting with A's infection focus or C's terminology error.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) is smoking-related (C), linked to macrophage accumulation. Choice A is false; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is T_H2-mediated (IL-4/IL-13). Choice B is incorrect; IPF is alveolitis, not bronchiolitis. Choice D is wrong; radiation pneumonitis causes fibrosis, not granulomas (sarcoid does). Choice E (late clubbing) is true. Page 729 confirms C DIP's smoking tie contrasts with IPF's T_H2-driven fibrosis, distinguishing it over A's cell type or D's granuloma error.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Simple pulmonary eosinophilia (Loffler syndrome) has striking radiographs but a benign course (D), resolving spontaneously. Choice A is false; acute eosinophilic pneumonia responds to corticosteroids, not antibiotics. Choice B is incorrect; Loffler is benign, not fatal. Choice C is wrong; it's extrinsic (allergic), not intrinsic. Choice E (giant cells) is true. Page 740 confirms D's profile transient infiltrates and eosinophilia contrast with A's treatment or B's severity error.