ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing Course Questions
Question 1 of 5
GFR is increased by :
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) reflects kidney filtration capacity. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (choice A) increases GFR by dilating afferent arterioles and constricting efferent ones, boosting filtration in response to high blood volume. Histamine (choice B) affects local inflammation, not GFR directly. Vasopressin (choice C) reduces GFR by conserving water via tubular reabsorption, not filtration. Endothelium (choice D) is a tissue, not a substance, and likely a typo (endothelin constricts vessels, lowering GFR). A is correct, as ANP's vasodilatory effect enhances GFR. Nurses monitor this in heart failure or hypertension, adjusting care for renal perfusion.
Question 2 of 5
The client has a chronic tissue injury. Upon examining the client's antibody for a particular cellular response, Which of the following WBC component is responsible for phagocytosis in chronic tissue injury?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In chronic tissue injury, monocytes (D) are the key white blood cells (WBCs) for phagocytosis. They transform into macrophages, which persist in tissues, engulfing debris and pathogens over time. Neutrophils (A) dominate acute inflammation, arriving early but dying off quickly. Basophils (B) release histamine in allergic responses, not phagocytosis. Eosinophils (C) target parasites and allergies, not chronic injury cleanup. Chronic conditions require sustained immune action, and monocytes/macrophages excel here, unlike the short-lived neutrophils of acute phases. This cellular adaptation to prolonged injury makes D the correct choice.
Question 3 of 5
Lorraine, a 27 year old executive was brought to the ER for an unknown reason. She is starting to speak but her speech is disorganized and cannot be understood. On what level of anxiety does this features belongs?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lorraine's disorganized, unintelligible speech indicates panic-level anxiety (D). Mild (A) enhances alertness; moderate (B) narrows focus but allows communication; severe (C) impairs function but speech remains coherent. Panic, the highest level, causes extreme disorganization, as seen here, with loss of rational thought and communication, per anxiety scales (e.g., Peplau). Her ER presentation aligns with panic's chaos, making D correct.
Question 4 of 5
Crisis is a sudden event in ones life that disturbs a person's homeostasis. Which of the following is NOT TRUE in crisis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Crisis doesn't last 4 months (C); it's acute, typically resolving within 6 weeks, per crisis theory (e.g., Caplan). Heightened stress (A), disorganized function (B), and unpleasant feelings (D) are true. C's prolonged duration misaligns with crisis' short-term nature, making it the untrue statement.
Question 5 of 5
The physician ordered, Maalox, 2 hours p.c, what does p.c means?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: p.c.' means after meals (C), from Latin 'post cibum,' per pharmacology. As desired (A) is 'ad lib,' before meals (B) 'a.c.,' bedtime (D) 'h.s.' C fits Maalox's post-meal use, making it correct.