General anaesthesia can be administered through the following routes EXCEPT

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: General anesthesia induces systemic unconsciousness, typically via intravenous or inhalation routes. 'Intrathecal,' is correct as the exception because it's used for regional (spinal) anesthesia, injecting into the spinal canal, not systemic general anesthesia (e.g., Barash's Clinical Anesthesia). 'Intravenous,' (e.g., propofol) and 'Inhalation,' (e.g., sevoflurane) are standard for general anesthesia. 'Rectal,' though rare, can be used (e.g., barbiturates in pediatrics). Intrathecal's local effect contrasts with general anesthesia's whole-body requirement, making A the accurate exclusion.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Descriptive studies describe phenomena without manipulating variables. 'Comparative study,' is correct as not purely descriptive; it often infers differences or causality (e.g., Polit & Beck), unlike the others. 'Correlational study,' describes relationships. 'Cross sectional study,' captures a snapshot. 'Case study,' details a single case. Comparative studies' analytical bent distinguishes D as the exception.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cell-mediated immunity involves T-lymphocytes targeting infected cells and coordinating responses, distinct from antibody-based defenses. 'Cell-mediated immunity,' is correct, as per immunology texts like Janeway's Immunobiology, highlighting T-cells' cytotoxic and helper roles. 'Humoral immunity,' relies on B-cells and antibodies. 'Innate immunity,' is non-specific, involving phagocytes, not T-cells primarily. 'Passive immunity,' transfers antibodies, not cellular action. T-cells' direct involvement in cell-mediated processes—like killing virus-infected cells—makes B the accurate answer, foundational to adaptive immunity's cellular arm.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary stimulates testosterone production in testicular Leydig cells. 'Luteinising hormone,' is correct, per endocrinology texts like Guyton, driving male reproductive function. 'Follicle stimulating hormone,' targets spermatogenesis. 'Prolactin,' affects lactation, not testosterone. 'Oxytocin,' aids labor, not hormone secretion. LH's specific role in testosterone synthesis makes B the accurate answer, key to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.