Gastric glands increase their secretory activity in response to a hormone released from the

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: stomach. Gastric glands increase their secretory activity in response to the hormone gastrin released from the stomach. Gastrin stimulates the release of gastric acid and other digestive enzymes. The other choices, A: pancreas, C: liver, and D: duodenum, do not release hormones directly involved in regulating gastric gland secretory activity. Pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon, liver secretes bile, and duodenum secretes hormones like secretin and cholecystokinin, but none of these directly influence gastric gland secretions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C Rationale: 1. Well's Score is used to assess the probability of DVT. 2. A score of 1 is assigned for each factor present. 3. In this case, if a diagnosis is as likely or more likely than DVT, it would not add to the DVT probability. 4. Therefore, this factor does NOT register a score of 1 in the Well's Score. Summary: A: History of being bedridden for >= 3 days because of surgery within 4 weeks - registers a score of 1 as it is a risk factor for DVT. B: Localised tenderness along distribution of deep veins - registers a score of 1 as it is a sign of DVT. D: Unilateral pitting oedema - registers a score of 1 as it is a symptom of DVT.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice A: 1. A chronic productive cough is a key symptom of COPD due to excess mucus production. 2. This cough is persistent and lasts for a prolonged period, reflecting airway inflammation. 3. Productive cough is often associated with sputum production in COPD patients. 4. The presence of a chronic productive cough aligns with the pathophysiology of COPD. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: A nocturnal cough may be seen in conditions like asthma but is not specific to COPD. C: A wheeze is more common in asthma and may occur in COPD exacerbations, but not a consistent feature. D: COPD typically develops after years of exposure to risk factors, so onset at 25 years old is unlikely.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Diabetic retinopathy. This is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus affecting the small blood vessels in the retina. It is caused by prolonged high blood sugar levels damaging the blood vessels, leading to vision problems and potentially blindness. Explanation: 1. Diabetic retinopathy specifically involves the microvasculature of the eye. 2. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (Choice A) and Coronary heart disease (Choice B) are macrovascular complications affecting larger blood vessels. 3. Peripheral artery disease (Choice D) involves blockages in larger arteries, not the microvasculature. In summary, diabetic retinopathy is the best description of a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus as it involves damage to the small blood vessels in the retina, distinguishing it from macrovascular complications listed in the other options.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Peak flow <33% of normal. This indicates severe airflow obstruction. A: Hypotension is a sign of severe asthma but not specific enough to categorize it as severe. B: Peak flow <50% indicates moderate exacerbation. D: Bradycardia is not typically associated with asthma exacerbation. Therefore, C is the most appropriate choice because it directly reflects the severity of the patient's condition.