ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
From first to last, the morphological changes in lobar pneumonia occur in which correct chronological order?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct order in lobar pneumonia is congestion, red hepatization, grey hepatization, resolution (D). Congestion (edema/exudate) precedes red hepatization (RBCs in alveoli), followed by grey hepatization (RBC lysis, fibrin), then resolution (clearance). Choice A reverses order. Choice B skips congestion. Choice C misplaces red/grey. Choice E adds fibrosis (not typical). Page 750 outlines D's progression S pneumoniae's inflammation evolves predictably, with grey following red as RBCs disintegrate, making it the accurate sequence.
Question 2 of 5
What is the causative agent of Q fever?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Coxiella burnetii, a hardy intracellular bacterium, causes Q fever, often inhaled from contaminated animal sources, leading to fever and pneumonia. Chlamydophila psittaci causes psittacosis, a bird-related lung infection. Mycoplasma pneumoniae triggers walking pneumonia, a milder atypical pneumonia. Streptococcus pyogenes causes strep throat or scarlet fever, not Q fever. C. burnetii's unique spore-like form and zoonotic transmission distinguish it, requiring doxycycline treatment unlike the others' diverse therapies. Recognizing its role clarifies Q fever's epidemiology linked to farms, not birds or streptococcal spread essential for diagnosis and public health responses in respiratory infection contexts.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following infections can be diagnosed using a skin test similar to the tuberculin test?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Histoplasmosis can be diagnosed with a skin test like the tuberculin test, using histoplasmin to trigger a delayed hypersensitivity reaction in exposed individuals, indicating past or latent infection common in endemic areas like the Mississippi Valley. Cryptococcosis relies on antigen detection or culture, not skin tests, due to its yeast nature and immunocompromised host focus. Blastomycosis lacks a reliable skin test diagnosis uses microscopy or culture. Aspergillosis, an opportunistic mold infection, uses imaging and biopsy, not skin reactivity. The histoplasmosis test, though less common now due to serology's rise, parallels tuberculosis's immune-based detection, aiding epidemiology and distinguishing it from other fungal respiratory diseases.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse caring for a client with pneumonia reviews the medical administration record and order sheet. Which agent should the nurse expect to administer? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oxygen (A), mucolytics, antibiotics, and bronchodilators treat pneumonia, but A is primary per the document. Oxygen corrects hypoxemia (PaOâ‚‚ <60 mmHg). Mucolytics (B) thin mucus, antibiotics (C) kill bacteria (e.g., azithromycin), and bronchodilators (D) ease breathing. Laxatives are irrelevant. A's emphasis reflects pneumonia's core issue impaired gas exchange from consolidation requires Oâ‚‚, distinguishing it as the expected first-line agent.
Question 5 of 5
___________ is located between two pleural sacs and is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The mediastinum, the central thoracic compartment between the pleural sacs, houses the heart, great vessels, trachea, and esophagus, extending from the sternum to the vertebral column. The hilum is the lung's entry point for vessels and bronchi, not a compartment. Pleura are the lung linings, not a central space. The thoracic cage (ribs, sternum, spine) encases the chest, not a specific region. The mediastinum's role as a structural and functional core separating lungs while supporting vital organs makes it distinct, critical in anatomy for understanding thoracic pathology like mediastinal masses or infections affecting central structures.