ATI LPN
Neurological Disorders in Medical Surgical Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
For the eye to adapt to intense light, which of the following may occur?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Light adaptation reduces rhodopsin and cone pigments to retinal and opsins, lowering sensitivity. TMP13 pp. 652-653
Question 2 of 5
The intraocular fluid of the eye flows from the canal of Schlemm into which location?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aqueous humor flows from the canal of Schlemm into aqueous veins. TMP13 p. 645
Question 3 of 5
A female patient who had a stroke 24 hours ago has expressive aphasia. An appropriate nursing intervention to help the patient communicate is to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Communication will be facilitated and less frustrating to the patient when questions that require a 'yes' or 'no' response are used. When the language areas of the brain are injured, the patient might not be able to read or recite words, which will frustrate the patient without improving communication. Expressive aphasia is caused by damage to the language areas of the brain, not by the areas that control the motor aspects of speech. The nurse should allow time for the patient to respond.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has had a cerebral hemorrhage and is unconscious. Which of the following is the priority intervention?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In an unconscious patient with cerebral hemorrhage, airway protection is the priority. Suctioning saliva prevents aspiration, which could worsen the condition. Passive ROM, electrolyte monitoring, and documentation are secondary to maintaining a patent airway.
Question 5 of 5
A 38-year-old female presents with muscle fatigue that is worse by the end of the day. She reports to have myalgias in the back of her neck, and at times her head 'drops.' She also states to sees 'double' when watching television, or reading for a prolonged period of time. On physical examination, ptosis is produced when asking the patient to look at the ceiling without blinking. Pupillary function is intact. Appropriate serologic testing is obtained. On repetitive nerve stimulation, the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential progressively declines. Which of the following is most likely the diagnosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fatiguable weakness, ptosis, diplopia, and declining CMAP amplitude on repetitive stimulation are classic for myasthenia gravis, a postsynaptic neuromuscular junction disorder. Botulism involves descending paralysis, Lambert-Eaton improves with repetition, AIDP (Guillain-Barre) is acute with areflexia, and MS involves CNS demyelination.