ATI LPN
Renal System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
For a patient with Crohn disease, the medical-surgical nurse recommends a diet that is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel condition, requires a low-fiber diet to reduce irritation, and high protein and calories (C) to support healing and nutrition during flares. High fiber (A) worsens symptoms, potassium (B, D) isn't the focus unless deficient, making C the recommended diet.
Question 2 of 5
Concerning cell volume regulation:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Na/H and Cl/HCO₃ antiports regulate volume in hypertonic conditions (A), water efflux precedes KCl in hypertonic states (B is partial), and KCl efflux adjusts hypotonic swelling (C). A and C are true—antiports for shrinkage, KCl for swelling—while B is incomplete, making D (A and C are correct) the answer.
Question 3 of 5
Given the following conditions: Capsular hydrostatic pressure = 15 mm Hg, Glomerular plasma osmotic pressure = 25 mm Hg, Glomerular hydrostatic pressure = 75 mm Hg, What is the NET FILTRATION RATE?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Net filtration pressure (NFP) = Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (75 mm Hg) - (Capsular hydrostatic pressure (15 mm Hg) + Glomerular osmotic pressure (25 mm Hg)) = 75 - (15 + 25) = 35 mm Hg (A). This drives filtration; 85 (B), 65 (C), and 115 (D) miscalculate, making A correct.
Question 4 of 5
In the female urinary system, the urethral orifice is situated posterior to the vaginal orifice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In females, the urethral orifice is anterior to the vaginal orifice (B), not posterior, due to anatomical positioning (urethra above vagina). True (A) reverses this, making B correct.
Question 5 of 5
The micturition center is located in the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The micturition center in the pons (A) coordinates the reflex via parasympathetic signals, not medulla (B), cerebellum (C), or basal ganglia (D), making A the control site.