ATI LPN
Respiratory System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Following a stab wound in the chest wall, the lung will and the chest wall will?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A stab wound causing pneumothorax collapses the lung (intrapleural pressure equals atmospheric, 0 mmHg) and expands the chest wall (outward recoil). Lung collapse (D) loses negative pressure (-5 cm H2O at FRC). Chest expansion (not A or C) follows elastic recoil. FRC fixation (B) doesn't occur air entry disrupts balance. D's dynamics unlike A's dual expansion match pneumothorax physiology (Q58).
Question 2 of 5
A patient with restrictive lung disease will have a relatively normal?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Restrictive disease (e.g., fibrosis) keeps FEV1/FVC normal or high. Both FEV1 and FVC drop proportionally (e.g., 2.5 L and 3 L vs. 4 L and 5 L), ratio ≥ 80% (Q1). FEV1 (A) and FVC (B) decrease due to stiff lungs (compliance < 0.2 L/cm H2O). V/Q (C) may skew (fibrosis raises it). D's stability unlike A's absolute fall reflects restriction's even reduction, per spirometry (Q54).
Question 3 of 5
In normal individual, regarding gas exchange across pulmonary capillaries during mild exercise, which of the following statements is TRUE?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: CO2 diffuses easier than O2 (A). CO2's solubility (0.57 mL/mmHg/dL) outstrips O2's (0.024), 20x faster despite O2's gradient (60 vs. 6 mmHg, Q20). O2's diffusing capacity (B, false) is lower (21 vs. 400 mL/min/mmHg) due to binding limits. Exercise shortens equilibrium time (C, true), but not length capillaries stay 0.75 s. ABGs hold (D, false, PaO2 ~95 mmHg). A's ease unlike B's reversal fits Fick's law, per physiology.
Question 4 of 5
The following is (are) true of alveolar proteinosis:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alveolar proteinosis features diffuse lung changes with mottling and reticulation (B) on imaging surfactant-filled alveoli create a tree-in-bud' or crazy paving' pattern, reflecting its pathology. Pulmonary lavage (A) uses saline, not heparin (an anticoagulant), to clear proteinaceous material, making A false. Vital capacity (C) drops, not normal, due to alveolar filling reducing lung volumes restrictive pattern on spirometry. Thus, D (A & C) and E (all) fail; B alone holds. This rare condition, often tied to dust exposure or autoimmunity, impairs gas exchange, and lavage is therapeutic, not heparin-based, a distinction critical in pulmonology and treatment planning.
Question 5 of 5
The average vital capacity is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Average vital capacity (VC) total air exhaled after maximal inhalation is 4-5 liters (D) in healthy adults (e.g., ~4.8 L men, 3.2 L women), varying by age, sex, height. Options 600 cc (A) and 300 cc (B) are tidal volumes or fractions far too low. 10-20 liters (C) exceeds human lung capacity (total ~6 L). 2.5-3 liters underestimates normal VC, closer to inspiratory reserve. VC, measured via spirometry, reflects lung function; 4-5 L aligns with physiologic norms, key in assessing restrictive (low VC) versus obstructive diseases in pulmonary diagnostics.