Following a stab wound in the chest wall, the lung will and the chest wall will?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A stab wound causing pneumothorax collapses the lung and expands the chest wall. Normally, negative intrapleural pressure (-5 cm H2O at FRC) holds lungs open against inward recoil. Air entry equalizes pressure to atmospheric (0 mmHg), collapsing the lung (300 mL residual volume remains). The chest wall, with outward elastic recoil, springs out, increasing thoracic diameter (Q41). A's dual expansion defies physics lungs can't inflate without negative pressure. B's FRC fixation ignores air's disruption (FRC ~2.5 L). C's dual collapse misreads chest mechanics. D's outcome lung deflation, chest expansion matches pneumothorax's loss of pleural seal, per physiology (Q58).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pulmonary embolism (A) boosts physiological dead space most . It blocks perfusion, raising V/Q (ventilated, unperfused alveoli), adding to anatomic dead space (~150 mL). Atelectasis (B) collapses alveoli, cutting Va, not Vd. Pneumothorax (C) collapses lungs, not increasing Vd directly. Bronchoconstriction (D) traps air, not dead space. A's perfusion loss unlike B's ventilation drop spikes Vd (e.g., 300 mL), per V/Q mismatch physiology (Q66).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lowers FRC. FRC (~2 L vs. 2.5 L) shrinks with stiff lungs (compliance < 0.1 L/cm H2O, Q1). Tidal volume (B) drops (< 500 mL) due to restriction. Vascular resistance rises (C, false, Q10). TLC falls (D, false, < 6 L). A's reduction unlike B's increase reflects fibrosis' limit on resting volume (ERV + RV decrease), per restrictive physiology (Q45).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A positive tuberculin test (D) indicates sensitivity to tuberculo-protein from past or current Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection induration (e.g., ≥10 mm) shows T-cell memory, not active disease (A), which requires symptoms or imaging. It doesn't confer immunity (B) latent TB can reactivate or susceptibility (C); it reflects exposure. None' dismisses this. Positive results, common in endemic areas, guide further evaluation (e.g., chest x-ray) to distinguish latent TB (90% of cases) from active, critical in public health and nursing for TB control and treatment initiation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hypoventilation reduced alveolar ventilation causes hypercapnia (A), COâ‚‚ buildup from inadequate exhalation (e.g., PaCOâ‚‚ >45 mmHg), as in COPD or sedation. Hypocapnia (B) requires hyperventilation opposite physiology. Both' (C) contradicts; ventilation dictates COâ‚‚ direction. Neither' (D) dismisses the effect. This respiratory acidosis (low pH, high COâ‚‚) contrasts with hypocapnia's alkalosis, key in blood gas interpretation, guiding ventilatory support or oxygen titration in acute care nursing.