Folic acid therapy can cause sickle cell anemia

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Folic acid therapy does not cause sickle cell anemia. Folic acid is a B vitamin that helps in the production of red blood cells and is commonly used to treat anemia. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder where red blood cells become sickle-shaped, leading to various health complications. Folic acid therapy is not known to cause this genetic condition. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because folic acid therapy does not lead to sickle cell anemia in any circumstances or age group.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice D (Liver impairment) being correct: 1. Warfarin is metabolized in the liver. 2. Liver impairment can alter the metabolism of warfarin, leading to potential over-anticoagulation. 3. Monitoring of INR levels is crucial in patients with liver impairment to prevent bleeding risks. 4. Caution is necessary to adjust warfarin dosages based on liver function tests. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: A: Alcoholic liver disease - Although liver function is compromised, specific liver impairment poses a higher risk with warfarin. B: Gastrointestinal bleeding - While a concern with anticoagulants, liver impairment directly affects warfarin metabolism. C: Recent neurosurgery - Not directly related to liver function, so does not impact warfarin metabolism.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stage 0 in the Rai Staging System for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). In stage 0, patients have lymphocytosis without any other symptoms or signs of advanced disease. This indicates a low-risk group with a favorable prognosis and no need for immediate treatment. Other choices are incorrect because they correspond to stages with increasing severity and additional symptoms such as lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, or thrombocytopenia, which are not present in this case.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To replace lost lipids in the membrane. Lipid exchange in RBCs is crucial for membrane maintenance and repair. Lipids can be lost due to various factors like oxidative stress or mechanical stress. Replacing lost lipids helps maintain the integrity and functionality of the membrane. Summary of other choices: B: Providing a mechanism for excretion of lipid-soluble waste products is not a primary function of lipid exchange in RBCs. C: Ensuring symmetry between the lipid layers is important for membrane stability but not the primary purpose of lipid exchange in RBCs. D: Providing lipid-soluble nutrients to RBCs is not the main function of lipid exchange; RBCs primarily rely on glucose for energy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Choice A: The results are precise but not accurate. Precision refers to the consistency of results, which is evident as the values are close to each other (12, 12.3, 12, 12.2, and 12.1). However, accuracy refers to how close the results are to the true value. Since the average of the results is outside the acceptable range (12.12 g/dL vs. 13 g/dL), they are not accurate. Therefore, the correct choice is A. Summary of other choices: B: Both accurate and precise - Inaccurate as the average value is outside the acceptable range. C: Accurate, but not precise - Inaccurate as the results are not consistent. D: Neither accurate nor precise - Results are precise (consistent) but not accurate.