First-degree heart block is characterized by

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: First-degree block is generally identified by a prolonged PR interval (more than 0.20 second) on ECG. P waves are not absent in first-degree heart block. A widened QRS complex is associated with a particular dysrhythmia, but not first-degree heart block. A variable PR interval is found in type I second-degree block.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: K+ 2.0 indicates hypokalemia, worsened by Lasix; hold the dose and notify the physician (D).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Ventricular relaxation (diastole) causes a drop in pressure, allowing blood to fill the ventricles from the atria, not forcing valves open or reversing flow.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hypertension is usually asymptomatic until target organ damage has occurred. Lifestyle changes(e.g., physical activity, dietary changes) are used to help manage blood pressure, but drugs are needed for most patients. Home BP monitoring should be taught to the patient and findings checked by the health care provider frequently when starting treatment for hypertension and then every 3 months once stable.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Obesity, stress, high intake of sodium or saturated fat, and family history are all risk factors for primary hypertension. Diabetes and oral contraceptives are risk factors for secondary hypertension. Metabolic syndrome, renal disease, and coarctation of the aorta are causes of secondary hypertension.