ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions on Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Filtrate in the distal convoluted tubule:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Distal tubule receives filtrate directly from loop of Henle.
Question 2 of 5
A client who takes daily supplemental iron for deficiency anemia reports feeling increasingly fatigued. Which laboratory value should the nurse review?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For a client on iron supplements reporting increased fatigue, the nurse should review the complete blood count (CBC). Fatigue suggests anemia persists or worsens, and CBC (hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBCs) assesses iron therapy efficacy. Electrolytes, platelets, and liver enzymes aren't directly tied to anemia or iron response, but CBC reveals if hemoglobin is low (ongoing anemia) or high (overtreatment), guiding adjustments and ruling out other causes like bleeding.
Question 3 of 5
Which cells of the JGA act as mechanoreceptors?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, found in the walls of the afferent arterioles within the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), serve as mechanoreceptors. They detect mechanical stretch caused by changes in blood pressure within the arteriole. When pressure drops, JG cells release renin to initiate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), increasing blood pressure and GFR. Macula densa cells, in contrast, are chemoreceptors sensing tubular fluid composition, while podocytes and intercalated cells have unrelated functions, confirming B as the correct choice.
Question 4 of 5
What is the denervation of the afferent & efferent supply to the urinary bladder characterized by & what is it associated with?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Denervation of both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) supplies to the bladder, as with cauda equina injury, abolishes reflexes and sensations while enhancing intrinsic smooth muscle responses. This leads to a hypertonic, spastic bladder with uncontrolled periodic micturition due to local contractions. It's distinct from sensory-only loss or overflow states, and its association with cauda equina injury (e.g., tumor) makes B correct.
Question 5 of 5
To measure renal plasma flow we will have to measure: Renal blood flow first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Renal plasma flow (RPF) is measured directly using substances like para-aminohippuric acid (PAH), which is filtered and secreted, with clearance equaling RPF (around 625 ml/min). Renal blood flow (RBF) is then calculated from RPF using hematocrit: RBF = RPF / (1 - hematocrit). Measuring RBF first isn't required, making B (False) correct.