ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Fick's law depend on multiple factors, which one of them will have the most effect when observing the diffusion of different gases?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fick's law (diffusion rate = D × A × ΔP / d) ranks diffusion coefficient (D) highest for different gases (D) . D reflects gas solubility and molecular weight (Graham's law: D ∠1/√MW). CO2's D (0.57) exceeds O2's (0.024) 20-fold, despite O2's steeper gradient (A, ~60 mmHg vs. CO2's 6 mmHg). Distance (C, 0.2 μm) and area (A, 70 m^2) are constant; temperature (B) is stable (37°C). D's gas-specificity unlike A's universal drive dominates diffusion variance, per physiology (Q44).
Question 2 of 5
All of the following lab-values are consistent with Pulmonary fibrosis except?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pulmonary fibrosis doesn't increase RV. RV drops (~1 L vs. 1.2 L) due to restriction (Q13). FEV1/FVC is normal/high (A, > 80%, Q1), vascular resistance rises (B, Q10), and peak flow may hold (C) if volume-corrected. Fibrosis stiffens lungs (compliance < 0.1 L/cm H2O), shrinking TLC (< 6 L), not trapping air. D's increase unlike A's ratio opposes restrictive physiology (Q71).
Question 3 of 5
Causes of interstitial lung disease include:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) has multiple causes, making all of these' correct. Chemical/physical irritants (A) e.g., asbestos, silica trigger fibrosis via chronic inflammation. Sarcoidosis (C) forms granulomas, scarring interstitium. Alveolar proteinosis (B), though rarer, involves surfactant accumulation, impairing gas exchange, often linked to dusts or autoimmunity. Options D (A & C) omits B, but all contribute irritants via direct damage, sarcoidosis via immune response, proteinosis via alveolar dysfunction. ILD's diverse etiology, from environmental to idiopathic, reduces lung compliance and diffusion capacity, key in diagnosis (e.g., biopsy, CT), guiding therapy like steroids or lavage, a broad respiratory pathology spectrum.
Question 4 of 5
Of the following disease, the one in which a marked Leucocytosis is most likely to be found is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lobar pneumonia (A) most likely shows marked leucocytosis bacterial infection (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae) drives neutrophil counts high (e.g., 15,000-20,000/mm³) as an acute response. Atypical pneumonia (B viral, Mycoplasma) has normal or mild elevation. Tuberculosis (C) may show lymphocytosis, not marked leucocytosis, unless severe. Influenza (D) often depresses counts. Sarcoidosis features granulomas, not neutrophil surges. Lobar's bacterial consolidation lobar opacity on x-ray triggers this, key in differentiating from chronic or viral etiologies, guiding antibiotic therapy in respiratory nursing.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following would one expect to find in pleural fluid associated with lung cancer:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pleural fluid in lung cancer shows protein >3.5 g/100 mL (D) exudative from tumor inflammation or necrosis (Light's criteria: pleural/serum protein >0.5). Specific gravity <1.015 (A) or >1.015 (B) varies, not diagnostic alone. Protein <3.5 g (C) fits transudates (e.g., CHF). RBCs <100/mm³ underestimates cancer often yields bloody fluid (>10,000). High protein reflects malignancy's leakiness, key in thoracentesis analysis for oncology nursing.