ATI LPN
Questions About the Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Examples of pathogens that cause human disease include:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all bacteria, viruses, and fungi are examples of pathogens that can cause human disease. Bacteria (choice A) such as Streptococcus and Staphylococcus can lead to infections like pneumonia and meningitis. Viruses (choice B) like Influenza and HIV cause illnesses such as the flu and AIDS. Fungi (choice C) such as Candida can result in fungal infections like yeast infections. Therefore, the correct answer includes all possible types of pathogens that can harm human health.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is providing care to a client who comes to the Emergency Department with a very large cut on their leg which is bleeding. The nurse explains that the healthcare team will assist with stopping the bleeding and to assist the body with wound healing. Which of the following responses would be correct for the nurse to share with the client? (Select one that does not apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because vasodilation widens blood vessels, increasing blood flow and potentially worsening bleeding. Vasoconstriction, as mentioned in option B, would help decrease bleeding by narrowing blood vessels. Option C is correct as the body forms a clot through the process of coagulation. Option D is incorrect as clot formation is not related to immunity. Therefore, the nurse should explain that the body may vasoconstrict to decrease bleeding, not vasodilate as in option A.
Question 3 of 5
Which comment from the nurse demonstrates an understanding of aplastic anemia?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because aplastic anemia is primarily caused by autoimmune activity where cytotoxic T cells target and destroy hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. This leads to pancytopenia and hypocellular, not hypercellular, bone marrow. Choice A is incorrect because aplastic anemia is not the most common type of anemia. Choice B is incorrect because it can also be caused by factors other than medications and toxins. Choice C is incorrect as it describes the opposite of the characteristic bone marrow finding in aplastic anemia.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is monitoring a client who has heart failure related to mitral stenosis. The client reports shortness of breath on exertion. Which of the following conditions should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased pulmonary congestion. In mitral stenosis, the narrowing of the mitral valve leads to reduced blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, causing increased pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary veins. This results in pulmonary congestion, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath on exertion. Explanation for incorrect choices: B: Decreased cardiac output - While heart failure can lead to decreased cardiac output, in mitral stenosis, the primary issue is increased pressure in the left atrium, not necessarily decreased cardiac output. C: Peripheral edema - Peripheral edema is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure rather than mitral stenosis, which primarily affects the left side of the heart. D: Hypotension - Hypotension is not typically expected in mitral stenosis, as the main issue is increased pressure in the left atrium rather than decreased systemic blood pressure.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is reviewing laboratory values for an adult client who has sickle cell anemia and has a history of receiving blood transfusions. For which of the following complications should the nurse monitor?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Iron toxicity. Patients with sickle cell anemia often require frequent blood transfusions, which can lead to iron overload. This excess iron can accumulate in organs such as the liver, heart, and pancreas, causing toxicity. Monitoring for signs of iron toxicity is crucial to prevent organ damage. B: Vitamin B12 deficiency is not typically associated with sickle cell anemia or blood transfusions. C: Hypokalemia is not a common complication of sickle cell anemia or blood transfusions. D: Infection is a risk with blood transfusions, but the question specifically asks about complications related to sickle cell anemia and blood transfusions, making iron toxicity the most relevant concern.